Details of Metabolite

General Information of MET (ID: META00219)
Name Pyruvic acid
Synonyms   Click to Show/Hide Synonyms of This Metabolite
2-Ketopropionate; 2-Ketopropionic acid; 2-Oxopropanoate; 2-Oxopropanoic acid; 2-Oxopropansaeure; 2-Oxopropionate; 2-Oxopropionic acid; 2-Oxopropionsaeure; Acetylformate; Acetylformic acid; Acid, pyruvic; Acide pyruvique; BTS; Brenztraubensaeure; CH3COCOOH; Pyroracemate; Pyroracemic acid; Pyruvate; Pyruvic acid; a-Ketopropionate; a-Ketopropionic acid; alpha-Ketopropionic acid; alpha-Oxopropionsaeure
Source Endogenous;Escherichia Coli Metabolite;Yeast Metabolite;Fatty acyls;Food;Drug;Toxins/Pollutant;Cosmetic;Food additives;TCM Ingredients;Microbial
Structure Type   Alpha-keto acids and derivatives  (Click to Show/Hide the Complete Structure Type Hierarchy)
Organic acids and derivatives
Keto acids and derivatives
Alpha-keto acids and derivatives
PubChem CID
1060
HMDB ID
HMDB0000243
Formula
C3H4O3
Structure
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3D MOL 2D MOL
  Click to Show/Hide the Molecular/Functional Data (External Links/Property/Function) of This Metabolite
KEGG ID
C00022
DrugBank ID
DB00119
ChEBI ID
32816
FooDB ID
FDB031141
ChemSpider ID
1031
Physicochemical Properties Molecular Weight 88.06 Topological Polar Surface Area 54.4
XlogP -0.3 Complexity 84
Heavy Atom Count 6 Rotatable Bond Count 1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 1 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 3
Function
Pyruvic acid is an intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures (From Stedman, 26th ed.). Biological Source: Intermediate in primary metabolism including fermentation processes. Present in muscle in redox equilibrium with Lactic acid. A common constituent, as a chiral cyclic acetal linked to saccharide residues, of bacterial polysaccharides. Isolated from cane sugar fermentation broth and peppermint. Constituent of Bauhinia purpurea, Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Delonix regia, Pisum sativum (pea) and Trigonella caerulea (sweet trefoil) Use/Importance: Reagent for regeneration of carbonyl compdounds from semicarbazones, phenylhydrazones and oximes. Flavoring ingredient (Dictionary of Organic Compounds). Pyruvic acid is found to be associated with Fumarase deficiency, which is an inborn error of metabolism. It is also a metabolite of Corynebacterium.
Regulatory Network
Full List of Protein(s) Regulating This Metabolite
      GPCR rhodopsin (GPCR-1)
            Adrenergic receptor beta-3 (ADRB3) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [1]
                      Introduced Variation Agonist (CL-316,243) of Adrb3
                      Induced Change Pyruvic acid concentration: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Healthy individual
                      Details It is reported that agonist of ADRB3 leads to the increase of pyruvic acid levels compared with control group.
      Hydrolases (EC 3)
            Phosphoinositide lipid phosphatase (PLIP) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   2 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair (1) Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [2]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of Ptpmt1
                      Induced Change Pyruvic acid concentration: decrease (FC= 0.50)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Healthy individual
                      Details It is reported that knockout of Ptpmt1 leads to the decrease of pyruvic acid levels compared with control group.
               Regulating Pair (2) Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [2]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of Ptpmt1
                      Induced Change Pyruvic acid concentration: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Healthy individual
                      Details It is reported that knockout of Ptpmt1 leads to the increase of pyruvic acid levels compared with control group.
      Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC)
            Pyruvate carrier 1 (MPC1) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [3]
                      Introduced Variation Overexpression of Mpc1
                      Induced Change Pyruvic acid concentration: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Colon cancer [ICD-11: 2B90]
                      Details It is reported that overexpression of Mpc1 leads to the increase of pyruvic acid levels compared with control group.
            Pyruvate carrier 2 (MPC2) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [3]
                      Introduced Variation Overexpression of Mpc2
                      Induced Change Pyruvic acid concentration: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Colon cancer [ICD-11: 2B90]
                      Details It is reported that overexpression of Mpc2 leads to the increase of pyruvic acid levels compared with control group.
      Oxidoreductases (EC 1)
            Alcohol dehydrogenase iron 1 (ADHFE1) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [4]
                      Introduced Variation Overexpression of ADHFE1
                      Induced Change Pyruvic acid concentration: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Breast cancer [ICD-11: 2C60]
                      Details It is reported that overexpression of ADHFE1 leads to the increase of pyruvic acid levels compared with control group.
            L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (L2HGDH) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [5]
                      Introduced Variation Mutation (Nonsense mutations or missense mutations) of L2hgdh
                      Induced Change Pyruvic acid concentration: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Melanoma [ICD-11: 2C30]
                      Details It is reported that mutation (nonsense mutations or missense mutations leading to KMT2D loss) of L2hgdh leads to the increase of pyruvic acid levels compared with control group.
      Transcription factor (TF)
            Myc proto-oncogene protein (MYC) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [6]
                      Introduced Variation Knockdown (siRNA) of MYC
                      Induced Change Pyruvic acid concentration: decrease
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Colorectal cancer [ICD-11: 2B91]
                      Details It is reported that knockdown of MYC leads to the decrease of pyruvic acid levels compared with control group.
      Transferases (EC 2)
            Isoprenylcysteine carboxylmethyltransferase (ICMT) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [7]
                      Introduced Variation Inhibition (Cysmethynil) of ICMT
                      Induced Change Pyruvic acid concentration: decrease
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Breast cancer [ICD-11: 2C60] ...
                      Details It is reported that inhibition of ICMT leads to the decrease of pyruvic acid levels compared with control group.
            Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [8]
                      Introduced Variation Knockdown (shRNA) of PKM
                      Induced Change Pyruvic acid concentration: decrease
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Colon cancer [ICD-11: 2B90]
                      Details It is reported that knockdown of PKM leads to the decrease of pyruvic acid levels compared with control group.
            Transketolase-like protein 1 (TKTL1) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [9]
                      Introduced Variation Overexpression of TKTL1
                      Induced Change Pyruvic acid concentration: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2D60]
                      Details It is reported that overexpression of TKTL1 leads to the increase of pyruvic acid levels compared with control group.
References
1 Metabolic changes in adipose tissues in response to 3 -adrenergic receptor activation in mice. J Cell Biochem. 2019 Jan;120(1):821-835.
2 Mitochondrial oxidation of the carbohydrate fuel is required for neural precursor/stem cell function and postnatal cerebellar development. Sci Adv. 2018 Oct 10;4(10):eaat2681.
3 A role for the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier as a repressor of the Warburg effect and colon cancer cell growth. Mol Cell. 2014 Nov 6;56(3):400-13.
4 ADHFE1 is a breast cancer oncogene and induces metabolic reprogramming. J Clin Invest. 2018 Jan 2;128(1):323-340.
5 Enhancer Reprogramming Confers Dependence on Glycolysis and IGF Signaling in KMT2D Mutant Melanoma. Cell Rep. 2020 Oct 20;33(3):108293.
6 Global metabolic reprogramming of colorectal cancer occurs at adenoma stage and is induced by MYC. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Sep 12;114(37):E7697-E7706.
7 Isoprenylcysteine carboxylmethyltransferase regulates mitochondrial respiration and cancer cell metabolism. Oncogene. 2015 Jun;34(25):3296-304.
8 Serine is a natural ligand and allosteric activator of pyruvate kinase M2. Nature. 2012 Nov 15;491(7424):458-462.
9 TKTL1 is activated by promoter hypomethylation and contributes to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma carcinogenesis through increased aerobic glycolysis and HIF1alpha stabilization. Clin Cancer Res. 2010 Feb 1;16(3):857-66.

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