Details of Metabolite

General Information of MET (ID: META00145)
Name Creatine
Synonyms   Click to Show/Hide Synonyms of This Metabolite
((Amino(imino)methyl)(methyl)amino)acetate; ((Amino(imino)methyl)(methyl)amino)acetic acid; (N-Methylcarbamimidamido)acetate; (N-Methylcarbamimidamido)acetic acid; (a-Methylguanido)acetate; (a-Methylguanido)acetic acid; (alpha-Methylguanido)acetic acid; Cosmocair C 100; Creatin; Creatine hydrate; Kreatin; Krebiozon; Methylglycocyamine; Methylguanidoacetate; Methylguanidoacetic acid; N-(Aminoiminomethyl)-N-methyl-glycine; N-(Aminoiminomethyl)-N-methylglycine; N-Amidinosarcosine; N-Carbamimidoyl-N-methylglycine; N-Methyl-N-guanylglycine; N-[(e)-AMINO(imino)methyl]-N-methylglycine; Phosphagen; [[Amino(imino)methyl](methyl)amino]acetate; [[Amino(imino)methyl](methyl)amino]acetic acid; a-Methylguanidino acetate; a-Methylguanidino acetic acid; alpha-Methylguanidino acetic acid
Source Endogenous;Food;Drug;Toxins/Pollutant;Cosmetic;TCM Ingredients
Structure Type   Amino acids, peptides, and analogues  (Click to Show/Hide the Complete Structure Type Hierarchy)
Organic acids and derivatives
Carboxylic acids and derivatives
Amino acids, peptides, and analogues
PubChem CID
586
HMDB ID
HMDB0000064
Formula
C4H9N3O2
Structure
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3D MOL 2D MOL
  Click to Show/Hide the Molecular/Functional Data (External Links/Property/Function) of This Metabolite
KEGG ID
C00300
DrugBank ID
DB00148
ChEBI ID
16919
FooDB ID
FDB005403
ChemSpider ID
566
METLIN ID
7
Physicochemical Properties Molecular Weight 131.13 Topological Polar Surface Area 90.4
XlogP -1.2 Complexity 134
Heavy Atom Count 9 Rotatable Bond Count 3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 3 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 3
Function
Creatine is an amino acid that occurs in vertebrate tissues and in urine. In muscle tissue, creatine generally occurs as phosphocreatine. Creatine is excreted as creatinine in the urine. Creatine functions as part of the cell's energy shuttle. The high energy phosphate group of ATP is transferred to creatine to form phosphocreatine in the following reaction: Cr + ATP <-> PCr + ADP. This reaction is reversibly catalyzed by creatine kinase. In the human body, creatine is synthesized mainly in the liver by the use of parts from three different amino acids: arginine, glycine, and methionine. 95% of it is later stored in the skeletal muscles and the rest is stored in the brain, heart, and testes.
Regulatory Network
Full List of Protein(s) Regulating This Metabolite
      GPCR secretin (GPCR-2)
            Glucagon receptor (GCGR) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [1]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of Gcgr
                      Induced Change Creatine concentration: increase (FC = 2)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Type 2 diabetes mellitus [ICD-11: 5A11]
                      Details It is reported that knockout of GCGR leads to the increase of creatine levels compared with control group.
      High mobility group N (HMGN)
            Nucleosome-binding protein 45 (NBP-45) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [2]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of Hmgn5
                      Induced Change Creatine concentration: decrease (FC = 0.58)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Healthy individual
                      Details It is reported that knockout of Hmgn5 leads to the decrease of creatine levels compared with control group.
      Hydrolases (EC 3)
            GTPase KRas (KRAS) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   2 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair (1) Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [3]
                      Introduced Variation Overexpression of KRAS
                      Induced Change Creatine concentration: decrease (FC = 0.61)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Lung cancer [ICD-11: 2C25]
                      Details It is reported that overexpression of KRAS leads to the decrease of creatine levels compared with control group.
               Regulating Pair (2) Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [3]
                      Introduced Variation Overexpression of KRAS
                      Induced Change Creatine concentration: increase (FC = 2.62)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Lung cancer [ICD-11: 2C25]
                      Details It is reported that overexpression of KRAS leads to the increase of creatine levels compared with control group.
            Leukotriene-C4 hydrolase (GGT1) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [4]
                      Introduced Variation Knockdown (siRNA) of GGT1
                      Induced Change Creatine concentration: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90]
                      Details It is reported that knockdown of GGT1 leads to the increase of creatine levels compared with control group.
            Sulfatase sulf-1 (SULF1) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [5]
                      Introduced Variation Knockdown (shRNA) of SULF1
                      Induced Change Creatine concentration: increase (FC = 1.73 - 1.88)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2C73]
                      Details It is reported that knockdown of SULF1 leads to the increase of creatine levels compared with control group.
      Monocarboxylate porter (MNP)
            Solute carrier family 16 member 12 (SLC16A12) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   2 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair (1) Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [6]
                      Introduced Variation Mutation (G407S) of SLC16A12
                      Induced Change Creatine concentration: decrease (FC = 0.57)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Healthy individual
                      Details It is reported that mutation (G407S) of SLC16A12 leads to the decrease of creatine levels compared with control group.
               Regulating Pair (2) Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [6]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of Slc16a12
                      Induced Change Creatine concentration: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Healthy individual
                      Details It is reported that knockout of Slc16a12 leads to the increase of creatine levels compared with control group.
      Pore-forming PNC peptide (PNC)
            Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [7]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of TP53
                      Induced Change Creatine concentration: decrease (Log2 FC=0.62)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Colon cancer [ICD-11: 2B90]
                      Details It is reported that knockout of TP53 leads to the decrease of creatine levels compared with control group.
      Transcription factor (TF)
            R2R3-MYB (AN2) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [8]
                      Introduced Variation Overexpression of AN2
                      Induced Change Creatine concentration: decrease (FC = 0.49)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Healthy individual
                      Details It is reported that overexpression of AN2 leads to the decrease of creatine levels compared with control group.
      Zinc finger protein (ZIN)
            Protein snail homolog 1 (SNAI1) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [9]
                      Introduced Variation Knockdown (shRNA) of SNAI1
                      Induced Change Creatine concentration: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Breast cancer [ICD-11: 2C60]
                      Details It is reported that knockdown of Snai1 leads to the increase of creatine levels compared with control group.
References
1 Polyomic profiling reveals significant hepatic metabolic alterations in glucagon-receptor (GCGR) knockout mice: implications on anti-glucagon therapies for diabetes. BMC Genomics. 2011 Jun 1;12:281.
2 Metabolomics reveals a role for the chromatin-binding protein HMGN5 in glutathione metabolism. PLoS One. 2014 Jan 2;9(1):e84583.
3 Capturing the metabolomic diversity of KRAS mutants in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Oncotarget. 2014 Jul 15;5(13):4722-31.
4 Impairment of gamma-glutamyl transferase 1 activity in the metabolic pathogenesis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Jul 3;115(27):E6274-E6282.
5 Erratum to: Loss of HSulf-1 promotes altered lipid metabolism in ovarian cancer. Cancer Metab. 2014 Nov 4;2:24.
6 The cataract and glucosuria associated monocarboxylate transporter MCT12 is a new creatine transporter. Hum Mol Genet. 2013 Aug 15;22(16):3218-26.
7 Integrative omics analysis of p53-dependent regulation of metabolism. FEBS Lett. 2018 Feb;592(3):380-393.
8 Comprehensive Influences of Overexpression of a MYB Transcriptor Regulating Anthocyanin Biosynthesis on Transcriptome and Metabolome of Tobacco Leaves. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Oct 16;20(20):5123.
9 Snail reprograms glucose metabolism by repressing phosphofructokinase PFKP allowing cancer cell survival under metabolic stress. Nat Commun. 2017 Feb 8;8:14374.

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