Details of Metabolite

General Information of MET (ID: META00270)
Name Creatinine
Synonyms   Click to Show/Hide Synonyms of This Metabolite
1-Methylglycocyamidine; 1-Methylhydantoin-2-imide; 2-Amino-1,5-dihydro-1-methyl-4H-imidazol-4-one; 2-Amino-1-methyl-1,5-dihydroimidazol-4-one; 2-Amino-1-methylimidazolin-4-one; Creatine anhydride; Creatinina; Creatinine sulfate salt; Kreatinin; Krebiozen; Salt, creatinine sulfate; Sulfate salt, creatinine
Source Endogenous;Food;Cosmetic;TCM Ingredients
Structure Type   Amino acids, peptides, and analogues  (Click to Show/Hide the Complete Structure Type Hierarchy)
Organic acids and derivatives
Carboxylic acids and derivatives
Amino acids, peptides, and analogues
PubChem CID
588
HMDB ID
HMDB0000562
Formula
C4H7N3O
Structure
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3D MOL 2D MOL
  Click to Show/Hide the Molecular/Functional Data (External Links/Property/Function) of This Metabolite
KEGG ID
C00791
DrugBank ID
DB11846
ChEBI ID
16737
FooDB ID
FDB021814
ChemSpider ID
568
METLIN ID
8
Physicochemical Properties Molecular Weight 113.12 Topological Polar Surface Area 58.7
XlogP -1.8 Complexity 151
Heavy Atom Count 8 Rotatable Bond Count N.A.
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 1 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 1
Function
Creatinine, or creatine anhydride, is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscle. The loss of a water molecule from creatine results in the formation of creatinine. Creatinine is transferred to the kidneys by blood plasma, whereupon it is eliminated from the body by glomerular filtration and partial tubular excretion. Creatinine is usually produced at a fairly constant rate by the body. Measuring serum creatinine is a simple test and it is the most commonly used indicator of renal function. A rise in blood creatinine levels is observed only with marked damage to functioning nephrons. Therefore, this test is not suitable for detecting early kidney disease. The typical reference range for women is considered about 45-90 mol/L; for men 60-110 mol/L. Creatine and creatinine are metabolized in the kidneys, muscle, liver, and pancreas.
Regulatory Network
Full List of Protein(s) Regulating This Metabolite
      Hydrolases (EC 3)
            Leukotriene-C4 hydrolase (GGT1) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [1]
                      Introduced Variation Knockdown (siRNA) of GGT1
                      Induced Change Creatinine concentration: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90]
                      Details It is reported that knockdown of GGT1 leads to the increase of creatinine levels compared with control group.
      Isomerases (EC 5)
            Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [2]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of Amacr
                      Induced Change Creatinine concentration: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Healthy individual
                      Details It is reported that knockout of Amacr leads to the increase of creatinine levels compared with control group.
      Nucleobase/ascorbate transporter (NAT)
            Solute carrier family 23 member 1 (SLC23A1) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [3]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of Slc23a1
                      Induced Change Creatinine concentration: increase (FC = 1.50)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Healthy individual
                      Details It is reported that knockout of Slc23a1 leads to the increase of creatinine levels compared with control group.
      Pore-forming PNC peptide (PNC)
            Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [4]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of TP53
                      Induced Change Creatinine concentration: decrease (Log2 FC=0.49)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Colon cancer [ICD-11: 2B90]
                      Details It is reported that knockout of TP53 leads to the decrease of creatinine levels compared with control group.
References
1 Impairment of gamma-glutamyl transferase 1 activity in the metabolic pathogenesis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Jul 3;115(27):E6274-E6282.
2 Phytol is lethal for Amacr-deficient mice. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015 Oct;1851(10):1394-405.
3 Vitamin C transporter Slc23a1 links renal reabsorption, vitamin C tissue accumulation, and perinatal survival in mice. J Clin Invest. 2010 Apr;120(4):1069-83.
4 Integrative omics analysis of p53-dependent regulation of metabolism. FEBS Lett. 2018 Feb;592(3):380-393.

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