Details of Metabolite

General Information of MET (ID: META00503)
Name Heme
Synonyms   Click to Show/Hide Synonyms of This Metabolite
Fe(ppix); Ferroprotoheme; Ferroprotoporphyrin IX; Ferrous protoheme; Ferrous protoheme IX; Haem; Heme; Heme b; Iron(II) protoporphyrin IX; Protoferroheme; Protoheme; Protoheme IX; [3,7,12,17-Tetramethyl-8,13-divinylporphyrin-2,18-dipropanoato(2-)]iron(II); [Fe(ppix)]
Structure Type Organo heterocyclic compounds
HMDB ID
HMDB0003178
Formula
C34H32FeN4O4
Structure
2D MOL
  Click to Show/Hide the Molecular/Functional Data (External Links/Property/Function) of This Metabolite
ChEBI ID
17627
FooDB ID
FDB031136
Physicochemical Properties Molecular Weight 616.5 Topological Polar Surface Area 102
XlogP N.A. Complexity 1010
Heavy Atom Count 43 Rotatable Bond Count 8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 2 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 8
Function
Heme is the color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins. A heme or haem is a prosthetic group that consists of an iron atom contained in the center of a large heterocyclic organic ring called a porphyrin. Not all porphyrins contain iron, but a substantial fraction of porphyrin-containing metalloproteins have heme as their prosthetic subunit; these are known as hemoproteins.
Regulatory Network
Full List of Protein(s) Regulating This Metabolite
      Apolipoprotein (Apo)
            Apolipoprotein A-II (APOA2) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [1]
                      Introduced Variation Mutation (-265T >C(rs5082)) of APOA2
                      Induced Change Heme concentration: increase (FC = 1.95)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Obesity [ICD-11: 5B81]
                      Details It is reported that mutation (-265T >C(rs5082)) of APOA2 leads to the increase of heme levels compared with control group.
      Major facilitator superfamily (MFS)
            Feline leukemia virus C receptor 2 (FLVCR2) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [2]
                      Introduced Variation Overexpression of FLVCR2
                      Induced Change Heme concentration: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Urinary retention [ICD-11: GC01]
                      Details It is reported that overexpression of FLVCR2 leads to the increase of heme levels compared with control group.
      Monocarboxylate porter (MNP)
            Monocarboxylate transporter 10 (SLC16A10) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [3]
                      Introduced Variation Overexpression of SLC16A10
                      Induced Change Heme concentration: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Healthy individual
                      Details It is reported that overexpression of SLC16A10 leads to the increase of heme levels compared with control group.
      Oxidoreductases (EC 1)
            Frataxin (FXN) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [4]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of Fxn
                      Induced Change Heme concentration: decrease
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Healthy individual
                      Details It is reported that knockout of Fxn leads to the decrease of heme levels compared with control group.
References
1 Epigenomics and metabolomics reveal the mechanism of the APOA2-saturated fat intake interaction affecting obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018 Jul 1;108(1):188-200.
2 The Fowler syndrome-associated protein FLVCR2 is an importer of heme. Mol Cell Biol. 2010 Nov;30(22):5318-24.
3 The human T-type amino acid transporter-1: characterization, gene organization, and chromosomal location. Genomics. 2002 Jan;79(1):95-103.
4 Frataxin deficiency alters heme pathway transcripts and decreases mitochondrial heme metabolites in mammalian cells. Hum Mol Genet. 2005 Dec 15;14(24):3787-99.

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