Details of Protein

General Information of Protein (ID: PRT00076)
Name Interleukin-10 (IL10)
Synonyms   Click to Show/Hide Synonyms of This Protein
IL-10; Cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor; CSIF; Il10; Il-10
Gene Name Il10 Gene ID
16153
UniProt ID
P18893
Family Interleukin (IL)
  Click to Show/Hide the Molecular/Functional Data (Sequence/Structure/Function) of This Protein
Sequence
MPGSALLCCLLLLTGMRISRGQYSREDNNCTHFPVGQSHMLLELRTAFSQVKTFFQTKDQ
LDNILLTDSLMQDFKGYLGCQALSEMIQFYLVEVMPQAEKHGPEIKEHLNSLGEKLKTLR
MRLRRCHRFLPCENKSKAVEQVKSDFNKLQDQGVYKAMNEFDIFINCIEAYMMIKMKS
Structure
4X51
Function Major immune regulatory cytokine that acts on many cells of the immune system where it has profound anti-inflammatory functions, limiting excessive tissue disruption caused by inflammation. Mechanistically, IL10 binds to its heterotetrameric receptor comprising IL10RA and IL10RB leading to JAK1 and STAT2-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3. In turn, STAT3 translocates to the nucleus where it drives expression of anti-inflammatory mediators. Targets antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages and monocytes and inhibits their release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor /GM-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor/G-CSF, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha. Interferes also with antigen presentation by reducing the expression of MHC-class II and co-stimulatory molecules, thereby inhibiting their ability to induce T cell activation. In addition, controls the inflammatory response of macrophages by reprogramming essential metabolic pathways including mTOR signaling.
Regulatory Network
Full List of Metabolite(s) Regulated by This Protein
      Organic acids and derivatives
            2-Hydroxyglutarate Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   2 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Metabo  Info click to show the details of this metabolite
               Regulating Pair (1) Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [1]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of IL10
                      Induced Change 2-Hydroxyglutarate concentration: decrease
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Crohn disease [ICD-11: DD70]
                      Details It is reported that knockout of IL10 leads to the decrease of 2-hydroxyglutarate levels compared with control group.
               Regulating Pair (2) Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [1]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of IL10
                      Induced Change 2-Hydroxyglutarate concentration: decrease
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Crohn disease [ICD-11: DD70]
                      Details It is reported that knockout of IL10 leads to the decrease of 2-hydroxyglutarate levels compared with control group.
            Glutaric acid Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Metabo  Info click to show the details of this metabolite
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [1]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of IL10
                      Induced Change Glutaric acid concentration: decrease
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Crohn disease [ICD-11: DD70]
                      Details It is reported that knockout of IL10 leads to the decrease of glutaric acid levels compared with control group.
      Organic oxygen compounds
            Fucose Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Metabo  Info click to show the details of this metabolite
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [1]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of IL10
                      Induced Change Fucose concentration: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Crohn disease [ICD-11: DD70]
                      Details It is reported that knockout of IL10 leads to the increase of fucose levels compared with control group.
      Organoheterocyclic compounds
            Xanthurenic acid Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Metabo  Info click to show the details of this metabolite
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [1]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of IL10
                      Induced Change Xanthurenic acid concentration: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Crohn disease [ICD-11: DD70]
                      Details It is reported that knockout of IL10 leads to the increase of xanthurenic acid levels compared with control group.
Full List of Metabolite(s) Regulating This Protein
      Lipids and lipid-like molecules
            Resolvin D1 Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Metabo  Info click to show the details of this metabolite
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [2]
                      Introduced Variation Resolvin D1 addition (72 hours)
                      Induced Change IL10 protein expression levels: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Peritonitis [ICD-11: DC50]
                      Details It is reported that resolvin D1 addition causes the increase of IL10 protein expression compared with control group.
References
1 Nontargeted urinary metabolite profiling of a mouse model of Crohn's disease. J Proteome Res. 2009 Apr;8(4):2045-57.
2 Resolvin D1 receptor stereoselectivity and regulation of inflammation and proresolving microRNAs. Am J Pathol. 2012 May;180(5):2018-27.

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