Details of Metabolite

General Information of MET (ID: META00394)
Name Spermine
Synonyms   Click to Show/Hide Synonyms of This Metabolite
4,9-Diaza-1,12-dodecanediamine; 4,9-Diazadodecamethylenediamine; 4,9-Diazadodecane-1,12-diamine', N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-butanediamine, '1,5,10,14-Tetraazatetradecane; Diaminopropyl-tetramethylenediamine; Diaminopropyltetramethylenediamine; Gerontine; Musculamine', N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-tetramethylenediamine, N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)butane-1,4-diamine, 'N1,N4-Bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-butanediamine; Neuridine; SPM; Spermin; Spermine dihydrate; Spermine puriss
Source Endogenous;Escherichia Coli Metabolite;Yeast Metabolite;Food;Drug;Toxins/Pollutant;Cosmetic;TCM Ingredients;Microbial
Structure Type   Amines  (Click to Show/Hide the Complete Structure Type Hierarchy)
Organic nitrogen compounds
Organonitrogen compounds
Amines
PubChem CID
1103
HMDB ID
HMDB0001256
Formula
C10H26N4
Structure
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3D MOL 2D MOL
  Click to Show/Hide the Molecular/Functional Data (External Links/Property/Function) of This Metabolite
KEGG ID
C00750
DrugBank ID
DB00127
ChEBI ID
15746
FooDB ID
FDB003225
ChemSpider ID
1072
METLIN ID
255
Physicochemical Properties Molecular Weight 202.34 Topological Polar Surface Area 76.1
XlogP -1.1 Complexity 86.1
Heavy Atom Count 14 Rotatable Bond Count 11
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 4 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 4
Function
Spermine is a biogenic polyamine formed from spermidine. It is found in a wide variety of organisms and tissues and is an essential growth factor in some bacteria. It has been identified as a uremic toxin according to the European Uremic Toxin Working Group. Spermine is found as a polycation at all pH values. Spermine is associated with nucleic acids, particularly in viruses, and is thought to stabilize the helical structure.
Regulatory Network
Full List of Protein(s) Regulating This Metabolite
      Hydrolases (EC 3)
            Leukotriene-C4 hydrolase (GGT1) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [1]
                      Introduced Variation Knockdown (siRNA) of GGT1
                      Induced Change Spermine concentration: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90]
                      Details It is reported that knockdown of GGT1 leads to the increase of spermine levels compared with control group.
            Sulfatase sulf-1 (SULF1) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [2]
                      Introduced Variation Knockdown (shRNA) of SULF1
                      Induced Change Spermine concentration: decrease (FC = 0.70)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2C73]
                      Details It is reported that knockdown of SULF1 leads to the decrease of spermine levels compared with control group.
      Translocases (EC 7)
            Polyamine-transporting ATPase 13A2 (ATP13A2) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [3]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of ATP13A2
                      Induced Change Spermine concentration: decrease
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Brain cancer [ICD-11: 2A00]
                      Details It is reported that knockout of ATP13A2 leads to the decrease of spermine levels compared with control group.
References
1 Impairment of gamma-glutamyl transferase 1 activity in the metabolic pathogenesis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Jul 3;115(27):E6274-E6282.
2 Erratum to: Loss of HSulf-1 promotes altered lipid metabolism in ovarian cancer. Cancer Metab. 2014 Nov 4;2:24.
3 ATP13A2 deficiency disrupts lysosomal polyamine export. Nature. 2020 Feb;578(7795):419-424.

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