Details of Metabolite

General Information of MET (ID: META00372)
Name Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Synonyms   Click to Show/Hide Synonyms of This Metabolite
(2-Hydroxy-3-oxopropoxy)phosphonic acid; (2R)-2-Hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)-propanal; (2R)-2-Hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)propanal; (R)-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; 2-Hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)propanal; 3-Phosphoglyceraldehyde; 3-Phosphoroglyceric aldehyde; D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphoric acid; Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphoric acid; Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphoric acid; Phosphoglyceraldehyde; Triose phosphate
Source Endogenous;Escherichia Coli Metabolite;Yeast Metabolite;Food;Microbial
Structure Type   Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates  (Click to Show/Hide the Complete Structure Type Hierarchy)
Organic oxygen compounds
Organooxygen compounds
Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
PubChem CID
439168
HMDB ID
HMDB0001112
Formula
C3H7O6P
Structure
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3D MOL 2D MOL
  Click to Show/Hide the Molecular/Functional Data (External Links/Property/Function) of This Metabolite
KEGG ID
C00118
DrugBank ID
DB02263
ChEBI ID
29052
FooDB ID
FDB001619
ChemSpider ID
388314
Physicochemical Properties Molecular Weight 170.06 Topological Polar Surface Area 104
XlogP -2.7 Complexity 149
Heavy Atom Count 10 Rotatable Bond Count 4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 3 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 6
Function
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) (CAS: 591-59-3), also known as triose phosphate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphates. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphates are compounds containing a glyceraldehyde substituted at position O3 by a phosphate group. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as sea-buckthorn berries, lingonberries, prunus (cherry, plum), quinoa, and sparkleberries. This could make glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is an aldotriose, an important metabolic intermediate in both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, and in tryptophan biosynthesis. G3P is formed from fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), and 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3BPG). This is the process by which glycerol (as DHAP) enters the glycolytic and gluconeogenesis pathways.
Regulatory Network
Full List of Protein(s) Regulating This Metabolite
      Hydrolases (EC 3)
            Glucose-6-phosphatase 3 (G6PC3) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [1]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of G6pc3
                      Induced Change Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate concentration: decrease
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Neutropenia [ICD-11: 4B00]
                      Details It is reported that knockout of G6pc3 leads to the decrease of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate levels compared with control group.
      Oxidoreductases (EC 1)
            L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (L2HGDH) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [2]
                      Introduced Variation Mutation (Nonsense mutations or missense mutations) of L2hgdh
                      Induced Change Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate concentration: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Melanoma [ICD-11: 2C30]
                      Details It is reported that mutation (nonsense mutations or missense mutations leading to KMT2D loss) of L2hgdh leads to the increase of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate levels compared with control group.
      Sugar transporter (ST)
            Facilitated glucose transporter 1 (SLC2A1A) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [3]
                      Introduced Variation Downregulation of slc2a1a caused by Yap loss-of-function mutation
                      Induced Change Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate concentration: decrease
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Healthy individual
                      Details It is reported that downregulation of slc2a1a caused by Yap loss-of-function mutation leads to the decrease of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate levels compared with control group.
      Transcription factor (TF)
            Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [4]
                      Introduced Variation Overexpression of Foxo1
                      Induced Change Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate concentration: increase (FC = 6.30)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Healthy individual
                      Details It is reported that overexpression of Foxo1 leads to the increase of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate levels compared with control group.
            Myc proto-oncogene protein (MYC) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [5]
                      Introduced Variation Knockdown (siRNA) of MYC
                      Induced Change Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate concentration: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Colorectal cancer [ICD-11: 2B91]
                      Details It is reported that knockdown of MYC leads to the increase of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate levels compared with control group.
      Transcriptional coactivator (TC)
            Transcriptional coactivator YAP1 (yap1) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [3]
                      Introduced Variation Decrease of Yap mRNA caused by Yap loss-of-function mutation
                      Induced Change Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate concentration: decrease
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Healthy individual
                      Details It is reported that decrease of Yap mRNA caused by Yap loss-of-function mutation leads to the decrease of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate levels compared with control group.
      Transferases (EC 2)
            Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [6]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of KMT2D
                      Induced Change Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate concentration: decrease
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Healthy individual
                      Details It is reported that knockout of KMT2D leads to the decrease of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate levels compared with control group.
            Pyridoxal kinase (PDXK) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [7]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout (CRISPR/Cas9 sgRNA) of PDXK
                      Induced Change Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate concentration: decrease
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Acute myeloid leukaemia [ICD-11: 2A60]
                      Details It is reported that knockout of PDXK leads to the decrease of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate levels compared with control group.
            Transaldolase (TALDO1) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [8]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of Taldo1
                      Induced Change Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate concentration: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Healthy individual
                      Details It is reported that knockout of Taldo1 leads to the increase of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate levels compared with control group.
            Transketolase-like protein 1 (TKTL1) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [9]
                      Introduced Variation Overexpression of TKTL1
                      Induced Change Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate concentration: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2D60]
                      Details It is reported that overexpression of TKTL1 leads to the increase of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate levels compared with control group.
References
1 Failure to eliminate a phosphorylated glucose analog leads to neutropenia in patients with G6PT and G6PC3 deficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Jan 22;116(4):1241-1250.
2 Enhancer Reprogramming Confers Dependence on Glycolysis and IGF Signaling in KMT2D Mutant Melanoma. Cell Rep. 2020 Oct 20;33(3):108293.
3 Yap regulates glucose utilization and sustains nucleotide synthesis to enable organ growth. EMBO J. 2018 Nov 15;37(22):e100294.
4 Metabolomic analysis of C2C12 myoblasts induced by the transcription factor FOXO1. FEBS Lett. 2019 Jun;593(12):1303-1312.
5 Global metabolic reprogramming of colorectal cancer occurs at adenoma stage and is induced by MYC. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Sep 12;114(37):E7697-E7706.
6 Loss of Function of the Gene Encoding the Histone Methyltransferase KMT2D Leads to Deregulation of Mitochondrial Respiration. Cells. 2020 Jul 13;9(7):1685.
7 Vitamin B6 Addiction in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancer Cell. 2020 Jan 13;37(1):71-84.e7.
8 Two isoforms of TALDO1 generated by alternative translational initiation show differential nucleocytoplasmic distribution to regulate the global metabolic network. Sci Rep. 2016 Oct 5;6:34648.
9 TKTL1 is activated by promoter hypomethylation and contributes to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma carcinogenesis through increased aerobic glycolysis and HIF1alpha stabilization. Clin Cancer Res. 2010 Feb 1;16(3):857-66.

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