Details of Metabolite

General Information of MET (ID: META00286)
Name Cytosine
Synonyms   Click to Show/Hide Synonyms of This Metabolite
4-Amino-2(1H)-pyrimidinone; 4-Amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine; 4-Amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrimidine; 4-Aminouracil; C; Cyt; Cytosin; Cytosinimine; Zytosin
Source Endogenous;Escherichia Coli Metabolite;Yeast Metabolite;Food;Cosmetic;TCM Ingredients;Microbial
Structure Type   Pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives  (Click to Show/Hide the Complete Structure Type Hierarchy)
Organoheterocyclic compounds
Diazines
Pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives
PubChem CID
597
HMDB ID
HMDB0000630
Formula
C4H5N3O
Structure
<iframe style="width: 300px; height: 300px;" frameborder="0" src="https://embed.molview.org/v1/?mode=balls&cid=597"></iframe>
3D MOL 2D MOL
  Click to Show/Hide the Molecular/Functional Data (External Links/Property/Function) of This Metabolite
KEGG ID
C00380
ChEBI ID
16040
FooDB ID
FDB022151
ChemSpider ID
577
METLIN ID
283
Physicochemical Properties Molecular Weight 111.1 Topological Polar Surface Area 67.5
XlogP -1.7 Complexity 170
Heavy Atom Count 8 Rotatable Bond Count N.A.
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 2 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 2
Function
Cytosine is a pyrimidine base that is a fundamental unit of nucleic acids. The deamination of cytosine alone is apparent and the nucleotide of cytosine is the prime mutagenic nucleotide in leukaemia and cancer. Cytosine has been identified in the human placenta.
Regulatory Network
Full List of Protein(s) Regulating This Metabolite
      Apolipoprotein (Apo)
            Apolipoprotein A-II (APOA2) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [1]
                      Introduced Variation Mutation (-265T >C(rs5082)) of APOA2
                      Induced Change Cytosine concentration: decrease (FC = 0.38)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Obesity [ICD-11: 5B81]
                      Details It is reported that mutation (-265T >C(rs5082)) of APOA2 leads to the decrease of cytosine levels compared with control group.
      Hydrolases (EC 3)
            Leukotriene-C4 hydrolase (GGT1) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [2]
                      Introduced Variation Knockdown (siRNA) of GGT1
                      Induced Change Cytosine concentration: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90]
                      Details It is reported that knockdown of GGT1 leads to the increase of cytosine levels compared with control group.
      Nitrogen permease regulator (NPR)
            Natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR2) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [3]
                      Introduced Variation Deletion of NPR2
                      Induced Change Cytosine concentration: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Healthy individual
                      Details It is reported that deletion of NPR2 leads to the increase of cytosine levels compared with control group.
      Pore-forming PNC peptide (PNC)
            Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [4]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of TP53
                      Induced Change Cytosine concentration: increase (Log2 FC=1.24)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Colon cancer [ICD-11: 2B90]
                      Details It is reported that knockout of TP53 leads to the increase of cytosine levels compared with control group.
      Sugar transporter (ST)
            Facilitated glucose transporter 1 (SLC2A1A) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [5]
                      Introduced Variation Downregulation of slc2a1a caused by Yap loss-of-function mutation
                      Induced Change Cytosine concentration: decrease
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Healthy individual
                      Details It is reported that downregulation of slc2a1a caused by Yap loss-of-function mutation leads to the decrease of cytosine levels compared with control group.
      Transcriptional coactivator (TC)
            Transcriptional coactivator YAP1 (yap1) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [5]
                      Introduced Variation Decrease of Yap mRNA caused by Yap loss-of-function mutation
                      Induced Change Cytosine concentration: decrease
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Healthy individual
                      Details It is reported that decrease of Yap mRNA caused by Yap loss-of-function mutation leads to the decrease of cytosine levels compared with control group.
References
1 Epigenomics and metabolomics reveal the mechanism of the APOA2-saturated fat intake interaction affecting obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018 Jul 1;108(1):188-200.
2 Impairment of gamma-glutamyl transferase 1 activity in the metabolic pathogenesis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Jul 3;115(27):E6274-E6282.
3 Npr2 inhibits TORC1 to prevent inappropriate utilization of glutamine for biosynthesis of nitrogen-containing metabolites. Sci Signal. 2014 Dec 16;7(356):ra120.
4 Integrative omics analysis of p53-dependent regulation of metabolism. FEBS Lett. 2018 Feb;592(3):380-393.
5 Yap regulates glucose utilization and sustains nucleotide synthesis to enable organ growth. EMBO J. 2018 Nov 15;37(22):e100294.

If you find any error in data or bug in web service, please kindly report it to Dr. Zhang and Dr. Mou.