Details of Metabolite

General Information of MET (ID: META00156)
Name Dimethylglycine
Synonyms   Click to Show/Hide Synonyms of This Metabolite
(Dimethylamino)acetate; (Dimethylamino)acetic acid; 2-(Dimethylamino)acetate; 2-(Dimethylamino)acetic acid; 2-(N,N-Dimethylamino)acetic acid; DMG; Dimethylglycine; Dimethylglycine monohydrochloride; Dimethylglycine, calcium salt; Dimethylglycine, monopotassium salt; Dimethylglycine, sodium salt; N,N-Dimethylaminoacetate; N,N-Dimethylaminoacetic acid; N,N-Dimethylglycine; N-Methylsarcosine; N-Methylsarcosine N,N-dimethyl-glycine
Source Endogenous;Escherichia Coli Metabolite;Food;Drug;Microbial
Structure Type   Amino acids, peptides, and analogues  (Click to Show/Hide the Complete Structure Type Hierarchy)
Organic acids and derivatives
Carboxylic acids and derivatives
Amino acids, peptides, and analogues
PubChem CID
673
HMDB ID
HMDB0000092
Formula
C4H9NO2
Structure
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3D MOL 2D MOL
  Click to Show/Hide the Molecular/Functional Data (External Links/Property/Function) of This Metabolite
KEGG ID
C01026
DrugBank ID
DB02083
ChEBI ID
17724
FooDB ID
FDB021893
ChemSpider ID
653
METLIN ID
277
Physicochemical Properties Molecular Weight 103.12 Topological Polar Surface Area 40.5
XlogP -2.9 Complexity 70.1
Heavy Atom Count 7 Rotatable Bond Count 2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 1 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 3
Function
Dimethylglycine (DMG) is an amino acid derivative found in the cells of all plants and animals and can be obtained in the diet in small amounts from grains and meat. The human body produces DMG when metabolizing choline into glycine. Dimethylglycine that is not metabolized in the liver is transported by the circulatory system to body tissue. Dimethylglycine was popular with Russian athletes and cosmonauts owing to its reputed ability to increase endurance and reduce fatigue. DMG is also a byproduct of homocysteine metabolism. Homocysteine and betaine are converted to methionine and N,N-dimethylglycine by betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase. DMG in the urine is a biomarker for the consumption of legumes. It is also a microbial metabolite.
Regulatory Network
Full List of Protein(s) Regulating This Metabolite
      GPCR secretin (GPCR-2)
            Glucagon receptor (GCGR) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [1]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of Gcgr
                      Induced Change Dimethylglycine concentration: increase (FC = 3.1)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Type 2 diabetes mellitus [ICD-11: 5A11]
                      Details It is reported that knockout of GCGR leads to the increase of dimethylglycine levels compared with control group.
      Hydrolases (EC 3)
            Leukotriene-C4 hydrolase (GGT1) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [2]
                      Introduced Variation Knockdown (siRNA) of GGT1
                      Induced Change Dimethylglycine concentration: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90]
                      Details It is reported that knockdown of GGT1 leads to the increase of dimethylglycine levels compared with control group.
      Lyases (EC 4)
            Selenocysteine lyase (SCLY) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   2 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair (1) Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [3]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of Scly
                      Induced Change Dimethylglycine concentration: decrease
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Healthy individual
                      Details It is reported that knockout of Scly leads to the decrease of dimethylglycine levels compared with control group.
               Regulating Pair (2) Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [3]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of Scly
                      Induced Change Dimethylglycine concentration: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Healthy individual
                      Details It is reported that knockout of Scly leads to the increase of dimethylglycine levels compared with control group.
References
1 Polyomic profiling reveals significant hepatic metabolic alterations in glucagon-receptor (GCGR) knockout mice: implications on anti-glucagon therapies for diabetes. BMC Genomics. 2011 Jun 1;12:281.
2 Impairment of gamma-glutamyl transferase 1 activity in the metabolic pathogenesis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Jul 3;115(27):E6274-E6282.
3 Combined Omics Reveals That Disruption of the Selenocysteine Lyase Gene Affects Amino Acid Pathways in Mice. Nutrients. 2019 Oct 26;11(11):2584.

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