Details of Metabolite

General Information of MET (ID: META00839)
Name Phloretin
Synonyms   Click to Show/Hide Synonyms of This Metabolite
2,6-Dihydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone; 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanone; 4-O-Methylphloracetophenone; Dihydronaringenin; Phloretol
Source Food;Drug;Polyketides;Food;Drug;Cosmetic;Food additives;TCM Ingredients;Plant Metabolite
Structure Type   Chalcones and dihydrochalcones  (Click to Show/Hide the Complete Structure Type Hierarchy)
Phenylpropanoids and polyketides
Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids
Chalcones and dihydrochalcones
PubChem CID
4788
HMDB ID
HMDB0003306
Formula
C15H14O5
Structure
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3D MOL 2D MOL
  Click to Show/Hide the Molecular/Functional Data (External Links/Property/Function) of This Metabolite
KEGG ID
C00774
DrugBank ID
DB07810
ChEBI ID
17276
FooDB ID
FDB015553
ChemSpider ID
4624
METLIN ID
3405
Physicochemical Properties Molecular Weight 274.27 Topological Polar Surface Area 98
XlogP 2.6 Complexity 312
Heavy Atom Count 20 Rotatable Bond Count 4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 4 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 5
Function
Phloretin is the aglucone of phlorizin, a plant-derived dihydrochalcone phytochemical reported to promote potent antioxidative activities in peroxynitrite scavenging and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Phloretin, which is present in apples, pears and tomatoes, has been found to inhibit the growth of several cancer cells and induce apoptosis of B16 melanoma and HL60 human leukemia cells. Phloretin also inhibits HT-29 cell growth by inducing apoptosis, which may be mediated through changes in mitochondrial membrane permeability and activation of the caspase pathways. Phloretin is a well-known inhibitor of eukaryotic urea transporters, blocks VacA-mediated urea and ion transport. Phloretin is a biomarker for the consumption of apples. Phloretin has been found to be a metabolite of Escherichia.
Regulatory Network
Full List of Protein(s) Regulating This Metabolite
      Transcription factor (TF)
            R2R3-MYB (AN2) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [1]
                      Introduced Variation Overexpression of AN2
                      Induced Change Phloretin concentration: increase (FC = 14888.89)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Healthy individual
                      Details It is reported that overexpression of AN2 leads to the increase of phloretin levels compared with control group.
References
1 Comprehensive Influences of Overexpression of a MYB Transcriptor Regulating Anthocyanin Biosynthesis on Transcriptome and Metabolome of Tobacco Leaves. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Oct 16;20(20):5123.

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