Details of Metabolite

General Information of MET (ID: META00801)
Name Cotinine
Synonyms   Click to Show/Hide Synonyms of This Metabolite
(-)-Cotinine; (S)-(-)-Cotinine; (S)-Cotinine; Cotinina; Cotinine(15% OF the dose); Cotininum; S-(-)-Cotinine
Source Endogenous;Food
Structure Type   Pyrrolidinylpyridines  (Click to Show/Hide the Complete Structure Type Hierarchy)
Organoheterocyclic compounds
Pyridines and derivatives
Pyrrolidinylpyridines
PubChem CID
408
HMDB ID
HMDB0001046
Formula
C10H12N2O
Structure
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3D MOL 2D MOL
  Click to Show/Hide the Molecular/Functional Data (External Links/Property/Function) of This Metabolite
ChEBI ID
127762
FooDB ID
FDB004716
ChemSpider ID
395
METLIN ID
1531
Physicochemical Properties Molecular Weight 176.21 Topological Polar Surface Area 33.2
XlogP -0.3 Complexity 205
Heavy Atom Count 13 Rotatable Bond Count 1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count N.A. Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 2
Function
Quantitatively, the most important metabolite of nicotine in most mammalian species is cotinine. In humans, about 70 to 80% of nicotine is converted to cotinine. This transformation involves two steps. The first is mediated by a cytochrome P450 system (mainly CYP2A6 and CYP2B6) to produce nicotine iminium ion. The second step is catalyzed by aldehyde oxidase (AOX). A number of cotinine metabolites have also been structurally characterized. Indeed, it appears that most of the reported urinary metabolites of nicotine are derived from cotinine.
Regulatory Network
Full List of Protein(s) Regulating This Metabolite
      Transcription factor (TF)
            R2R3-MYB (AN2) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [1]
                      Introduced Variation Overexpression of AN2
                      Induced Change Cotinine concentration: decrease (FC = 0.39)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Healthy individual
                      Details It is reported that overexpression of AN2 leads to the decrease of cotinine levels compared with control group.
References
1 Comprehensive Influences of Overexpression of a MYB Transcriptor Regulating Anthocyanin Biosynthesis on Transcriptome and Metabolome of Tobacco Leaves. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Oct 16;20(20):5123.

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