Details of Metabolite

General Information of MET (ID: META00798)
Name Ferulic acid
Synonyms   Click to Show/Hide Synonyms of This Metabolite
(2E)-3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-acrylic acid; (2E)-3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate; (2E)-3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid; (2E)-3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid; (E)-3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylic acid; (e)-3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate', (e)-4'-Hydroxy-3'-methoxycinnamate, '(e)-4-Hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamate; (e)-3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid', (e)-4'-Hydroxy-3'-methoxycinnamic acid, '(e)-4-Hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid; (e)-4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-cinnamate; (e)-4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-cinnamic acid; (e)-Ferulate; (e)-Ferulic acid; 3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid; 3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylic acid; 3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propenoate; 3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propenoic acid; 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-trans-cinnamate; 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-trans-cinnamic acid; 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid', 4'-Hydroxy-3'-methoxycinnamic acid, 'Coniferic acid; 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamate; 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid; Ferulaic acid; Ferulate; Ferulic acid; Ferulic acid, (Z)-isomer; Ferulic acid, monosodium salt; Fumalic acid; Sodium ferulate; trans-4-Hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamate; trans-4-Hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid; trans-Ferulate', 8,8'-Diferulic acid, 'Ferulic acid, (e)-isomer; trans-Ferulic acid
Source Food;Plant;Metabolite;Food;Drug;Cosmetic;TCM Ingredients;Rosmarinic;acid;Plant Metabolite; Microbial; Herbal Ingredients In-Vivo Metabolism
Structure Type   Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives  (Click to Show/Hide the Complete Structure Type Hierarchy)
Phenylpropanoids and polyketides
Cinnamic acids and derivatives
Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives
PubChem CID
445858
HMDB ID
HMDB0000954
Formula
C10H10O4
Structure
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3D MOL 2D MOL
  Click to Show/Hide the Molecular/Functional Data (External Links/Property/Function) of This Metabolite
KEGG ID
C01494
DrugBank ID
DB07767
ChEBI ID
17620
FooDB ID
FDB012802
ChemSpider ID
393368
METLIN ID
4156
Physicochemical Properties Molecular Weight 194.18 Topological Polar Surface Area 66.8
XlogP 1.5 Complexity 224
Heavy Atom Count 14 Rotatable Bond Count 3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 2 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 4
Function
Ferulic acid is a highly abundant phenolic phytochemical which is present in plant cell walls. Ferulic acid is a phenolic acid that can be absorbed by the small intestine and excreted through the urine. It is one of the most abundant phenolic acids in plants, varying from 5 g/kg in wheat bran to 9 g/kg in sugar-beet pulp and 50 g/kg in corn kernel. It occurs primarily in seeds and leaves both in its free form (albeit rarely) and covalently linked to lignin and other biopolymers. It is usually found as ester cross-links with polysaccharides in the cell wall, such as arabinoxylans in grasses, pectin in spinach and sugar beet, and xyloglucans in bamboo. It also can cross-link with proteins. Due to its phenolic nucleus and an extended side chain conjugation (carbohydrates and proteins), it readily forms a resonance-stabilized phenoxy radical which accounts for its potent antioxidant potential. Food supplementation with curcumin and ferulic acid is considered a nutritional approach to reducing oxidative damage and amyloid pathology in Alzheimer disease. Ferulic acid can be found in Pseudomonas and Saccharomyces.
Regulatory Network
Full List of Protein(s) Regulating This Metabolite
      Transcription factor (TF)
            R2R3-MYB (AN2) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [1]
                      Introduced Variation Overexpression of AN2
                      Induced Change Ferulic acid concentration: increase (FC = 4.89)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Healthy individual
                      Details It is reported that overexpression of AN2 leads to the increase of ferulic acid levels compared with control group.
References
1 Comprehensive Influences of Overexpression of a MYB Transcriptor Regulating Anthocyanin Biosynthesis on Transcriptome and Metabolome of Tobacco Leaves. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Oct 16;20(20):5123.

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