Details of Metabolite

General Information of MET (ID: META00482)
Name 4-Hydroxy-L-glutamic acid
Synonyms   Click to Show/Hide Synonyms of This Metabolite
(2S)-2-Amino-4-hydroxypentanedioic acid; (2S,4R)-2-Amino-4-hydroxypentanedioate; (2S,4R)-2-Amino-4-hydroxypentanedioic acid; (4R)-4-Hydroxy-L-glutamate; (4R)-4-Hydroxy-L-glutamic acid; 2-Hydroxy-4-aminoglutarate; 2-Hydroxy-4-aminoglutaric acid; 4-Hydroxy-L-glutamate; 4-Hydroxy-L-glutamic acid; 4-Hydroxyglutamate; 4-Hydroxyglutamic acid; Erythro-4-hydroxy-L-glutamate; L-Erythro-4-hydroxyglutamate; L-Erythro-4-hydroxyglutamic acid; erythro-4-Hydroxy-L-glutamic acid
Source Aliphatic acyclic compounds
Structure Type   Amino acids, peptides, and analogues  (Click to Show/Hide the Complete Structure Type Hierarchy)
Organic acids and derivatives
Carboxylic acids and derivatives
Amino acids, peptides, and analogues
PubChem CID
440854
HMDB ID
HMDB0002273
Formula
C5H9NO5
Structure
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3D MOL 2D MOL
  Click to Show/Hide the Molecular/Functional Data (External Links/Property/Function) of This Metabolite
KEGG ID
C03079
ChEBI ID
21285
FooDB ID
FDB022938
ChemSpider ID
389696
Physicochemical Properties Molecular Weight 163.13 Topological Polar Surface Area 121
XlogP -4.1 Complexity 168
Heavy Atom Count 11 Rotatable Bond Count 4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 4 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 6
Function
4-Hydroxy-L-glutamic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of gamma-hydroxyglutamic acid. Specifically, 4-hydroxy-L-glutamic acid combines with 2-oxoglutarate to produce 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate and glutamate. The reaction can be described as: 4-hydroxy-L-glutamate + 2-oxoglutarate <=> 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate + L-glutamate. This reaction is catalyzed by 4-hydroxyglutamate aminotransferase.
Regulatory Network
Full List of Protein(s) Regulating This Metabolite
      Apolipoprotein (Apo)
            Apolipoprotein A-II (APOA2) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [1]
                      Introduced Variation Mutation (-265T >C(rs5082)) of APOA2
                      Induced Change 4-Hydroxy-L-glutamic acid concentration: decrease (FC = 0.62)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Obesity [ICD-11: 5B81]
                      Details It is reported that mutation (-265T >C(rs5082)) of APOA2 leads to the decrease of 4-hydroxy-L-glutamic acid levels compared with control group.
      Lyases (EC 4)
            Dihydrodipicolinate synthase-like (DHDPSL) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [2]
                      Introduced Variation Mutation (patients: bi-allelic mutations) of HOGA1
                      Induced Change 4-Hydroxy-L-glutamic acid concentration: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Carbohydrate metabolism disorders [ICD-11: 5C51]
                      Details It is reported that mutation (patients with bi-allelic mutations) of HOGA1 leads to the increase of 4-hydroxy-L-glutamic acid levels compared with control group.
      Transferases (EC 2)
            Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [3]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of NAT1
                      Induced Change 4-Hydroxy-L-glutamic acid concentration: decrease (FC = 0.2)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Breast cancer [ICD-11: 2C60]
                      Details It is reported that knockout of NAT1 leads to the decrease of 4-hydroxy-L-glutamic acid levels compared with control group.
References
1 Epigenomics and metabolomics reveal the mechanism of the APOA2-saturated fat intake interaction affecting obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018 Jul 1;108(1):188-200.
2 Primary hyperoxaluria type III--a model for studying perturbations in glyoxylate metabolism. J Mol Med (Berl). 2012 Dec;90(12):1497-504.
3 CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells suggests a role in cellular metabolism. Sci Rep. 2020 Jun 17;10(1):9804.

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