Details of Metabolite

General Information of MET (ID: META00393)
Name Betaine aldehyde
Synonyms   Click to Show/Hide Synonyms of This Metabolite
(Formylmethyl)trimethyl-ammonium; (Formylmethyl)trimethylammonium; BTL; Betaine aldehyde; Glycine betaine aldehyde; N,N,N-Trimethyl-2-oxo ethanaminium; N,N,N-Trimethyl-2-oxo-ethanaminium; N,N,N-Trimethyl-2-oxoethanaminium; Trimethyl(formylmethyl)ammonium
Source Endogenous;Escherichia Coli Metabolite;Food;Drug;Microbial
Structure Type   Quaternary ammonium salts  (Click to Show/Hide the Complete Structure Type Hierarchy)
Organic nitrogen compounds
Organonitrogen compounds
Quaternary ammonium salts
PubChem CID
249
HMDB ID
HMDB0001252
Formula
C5H12NO
Structure
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3D MOL 2D MOL
  Click to Show/Hide the Molecular/Functional Data (External Links/Property/Function) of This Metabolite
KEGG ID
C00576
DrugBank ID
DB04401
ChEBI ID
15710
FooDB ID
FDB022513
ChemSpider ID
244
METLIN ID
278
Physicochemical Properties Molecular Weight 102.15 Topological Polar Surface Area 17.1
XlogP -0.2 Complexity 63
Heavy Atom Count 7 Rotatable Bond Count 2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count N.A. Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 1
Function
Betaine aldehyde, also known as BTL, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tetraalkylammonium salts. These are organonitrogen compounds containing a quaternary ammonium substituted with four alkyl chains. Betaine aldehyde is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). In humans, betaine aldehyde is involved in betaine metabolism. Outside of the human body, betaine aldehyde has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as sourdoughs, summer savouries, loganberries, burbots, and celery stalks. This could make betaine aldehyde a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Betaine aldehyde is an intermediate in the metabolism of glycine, serine, and threonine. The human aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.3) facilitates the conversion of betaine aldehyde into glycine betaine. Betaine aldehyde is a substrate for choline dehydrogenase.
Regulatory Network
Full List of Protein(s) Regulating This Metabolite
      Hydrolases (EC 3)
            Leukotriene-C4 hydrolase (GGT1) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [1]
                      Introduced Variation Knockdown (siRNA) of GGT1
                      Induced Change Betaine aldehyde concentration: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90]
                      Details It is reported that knockdown of GGT1 leads to the increase of betaine aldehyde levels compared with control group.
      Pore-forming PNC peptide (PNC)
            Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [2]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of TP53
                      Induced Change Betaine aldehyde concentration: increase (Log2 FC=1.44)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Colon cancer [ICD-11: 2B90]
                      Details It is reported that knockout of TP53 leads to the increase of betaine aldehyde levels compared with control group.
References
1 Impairment of gamma-glutamyl transferase 1 activity in the metabolic pathogenesis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Jul 3;115(27):E6274-E6282.
2 Integrative omics analysis of p53-dependent regulation of metabolism. FEBS Lett. 2018 Feb;592(3):380-393.

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