General Information of MET (ID: META00218)
Name Pyridoxine
Synonyms   Click to Show/Hide Synonyms of This Metabolite
2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine; 2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-di(hydroxymethyl)pyridine; 2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-dihydroxymethylpyridine; 2-Methyl-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-hydroxypyridine; 3-Hydroxy-2-picoline-4,5-dimethanol; 3-Hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine; 3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethylol-alpha-picoline; 5-Hydroxy-6-methyl-3,4-pyridinedimethanol; Adermine; Gravidox; Hydoxin; Piridossina; Piridoxina; Pyridoxin; Pyridoxine hydrochloride; Pyridoxinum; Pyridoxol; Pyridoxol hydrochloride; Pyridoxolum; Rodex; Vitamin b6
Source Endogenous;Escherichia Coli Metabolite;Yeast Metabolite;Food;Drug;Toxins/Pollutant;Cosmetic;Food additives;TCM Ingredients;Microbial
Structure Type   Pyridoxines  (Click to Show/Hide the Complete Structure Type Hierarchy)
Organoheterocyclic compounds
Pyridines and derivatives
Pyridoxines
PubChem CID
1054
HMDB ID
HMDB0000239
Formula
C8H11NO3
Structure
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3D MOL 2D MOL
  Click to Show/Hide the Molecular/Functional Data (External Links/Property/Function) of This Metabolite
KEGG ID
C00314
DrugBank ID
DB00165
ChEBI ID
16709
FooDB ID
FDB000574
ChemSpider ID
1025
Physicochemical Properties Molecular Weight 169.18 Topological Polar Surface Area 73.6
XlogP -0.8 Complexity 142
Heavy Atom Count 12 Rotatable Bond Count 2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 3 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 4
Function
The 4-methanol form of vitamin B6 which is converted to pyridoxal phosphate which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Pyridoxine is one of the compounds that can be called vitamin B6. Pyridoxine assists in the balancing of sodium and potassium as well as promoting red blood cell production. It is linked to cancer immunity and helps fight the formation of homocysteine. It has been suggested that Pyridoxine might help children with learning difficulties, and may also prevent dandruff, eczema, and psoriasis. In addition, pyridoxine can help balance hormonal changes in women and aid in immune system. Lack of pyridoxine may cause anemia, nerve damage, seizures, skin problems, and sores in the mouth. -- Wikipedia Deficiency, though rare because of widespread distribution in foods, leads to the development of peripheral neuritis in adults and affects the central nervous system in children (DOSE - 3rd edition). Pyridoxine in the urine is a biomarker for the consumption of soy products.
Regulatory Network
Full List of Protein(s) Regulating This Metabolite
      GPCR secretin (GPCR-2)
            Glucagon receptor (GCGR) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [1]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of Gcgr
                      Induced Change Pyridoxine concentration: increase (FC = 3.6)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Type 2 diabetes mellitus [ICD-11: 5A11]
                      Details It is reported that knockout of GCGR leads to the increase of pyridoxine levels compared with control group.
      Pore-forming PNC peptide (PNC)
            Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [2]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of TP53
                      Induced Change Pyridoxine concentration: decrease (Log2 FC=0.55)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Colon cancer [ICD-11: 2B90]
                      Details It is reported that knockout of TP53 leads to the decrease of pyridoxine levels compared with control group.
      Transcription factor (TF)
            R2R3-MYB (AN2) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [3]
                      Introduced Variation Overexpression of AN2
                      Induced Change Pyridoxine concentration: increase (FC = 2.62)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Healthy individual
                      Details It is reported that overexpression of AN2 leads to the increase of pyridoxine levels compared with control group.
      Transferases (EC 2)
            Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [4]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of NAT1
                      Induced Change Pyridoxine concentration: increase (FC = 4.5)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Breast cancer [ICD-11: 2C60]
                      Details It is reported that knockout of NAT1 leads to the increase of pyridoxine levels compared with control group.
References
1 Polyomic profiling reveals significant hepatic metabolic alterations in glucagon-receptor (GCGR) knockout mice: implications on anti-glucagon therapies for diabetes. BMC Genomics. 2011 Jun 1;12:281.
2 Integrative omics analysis of p53-dependent regulation of metabolism. FEBS Lett. 2018 Feb;592(3):380-393.
3 Comprehensive Influences of Overexpression of a MYB Transcriptor Regulating Anthocyanin Biosynthesis on Transcriptome and Metabolome of Tobacco Leaves. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Oct 16;20(20):5123.
4 CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells suggests a role in cellular metabolism. Sci Rep. 2020 Jun 17;10(1):9804.

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