Details of Metabolite

General Information of MET (ID: META00200)
Name L-Acetylcarnitine
Synonyms   Click to Show/Hide Synonyms of This Metabolite
(+-)-Acetylcarnitine; (-)-Acetylcarnitine; (3R)-3-Acetyloxy-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate; (R)-Acetylcarnitine; 3-(Acetyloxy)-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate; 3-(Acetyloxy)-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoic acid; ALC; ALCAR; Acetyl L carnitine; Acetyl carnitine; Acetyl-DL-carnitine; Acetyl-L-(-)-carnitine; Acetyl-L-carnitine; Acetyl-carnitine; Acetylcarnitine; Acetylcarnitine, (R)-isomer; Alcar; Branigen; C2 Carnitine; Carnitine, acetyl; DL-O-Acetylcarnitine; L-Acetylcarnitine; L-Carnitine acetyl ester; L-O-Acetylcarnitine; Levocarnitine acetyl; Medosan; Nicetile; O-Acetyl-(R)-carnitine; O-Acetyl-L-carnitine; O-Acetylcarnitine; R-Acetylcarnitine
Source Aliphatic acyclic compounds
Structure Type   Fatty acid esters  (Click to Show/Hide the Complete Structure Type Hierarchy)
Lipids and lipid-like molecules
Fatty Acyls
Fatty acid esters
PubChem CID
7045767
HMDB ID
HMDB0000201
Formula
C9H17NO4
Structure
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3D MOL 2D MOL
  Click to Show/Hide the Molecular/Functional Data (External Links/Property/Function) of This Metabolite
KEGG ID
C02571
DrugBank ID
DB08842
ChEBI ID
57589
FooDB ID
FDB093666
ChemSpider ID
5406074
Physicochemical Properties Molecular Weight 203.24 Topological Polar Surface Area 66.4
XlogP 0.4 Complexity 214
Heavy Atom Count 14 Rotatable Bond Count 5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count N.A. Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 4
Function
L-Acetylcarnitine (ALCAR or ALC) is an acetic acid ester of carnitine that facilitates the movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids. In addition to his metabolic role, L-acetylcarnitine posses unique neuroprotective, neuromodulatory, and neurotrophic properties. This may play an important role in counteracting various disease processes. L-Acetylcarnitine has been identified in the human placenta.
Regulatory Network
Full List of Protein(s) Regulating This Metabolite
      Hydrolases (EC 3)
            Sulfatase sulf-1 (SULF1) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [1]
                      Introduced Variation Knockdown (shRNA) of SULF1
                      Induced Change L-Acetylcarnitine concentration: increase (FC = 2.74 / 3.22)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Ovarian cancer [ICD-11: 2C73]
                      Details It is reported that knockdown of SULF1 leads to the increase of L-acetylcarnitine levels compared with control group.
      Oxidoreductases (EC 1)
            Formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (ALDH1L2) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [2]
                      Introduced Variation Mutation of ALDH1L2
                      Induced Change L-Acetylcarnitine concentration: increase (FC = 7.14)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Genetic disorders of keratinisation [ICD-11: EC20]
                      Details It is reported that mutation (patients) of ALDH1L2 leads to the increase of L-acetylcarnitine levels compared with control group.
      Pore-forming PNC peptide (PNC)
            Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [3]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of TP53
                      Induced Change L-Acetylcarnitine concentration: decrease (Log2 FC=0.73)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Colon cancer [ICD-11: 2B90]
                      Details It is reported that knockout of TP53 leads to the decrease of L-acetylcarnitine levels compared with control group.
References
1 Erratum to: Loss of HSulf-1 promotes altered lipid metabolism in ovarian cancer. Cancer Metab. 2014 Nov 4;2:24.
2 Deleterious mutations in ALDH1L2 suggest a novel cause for neuro-ichthyotic syndrome. NPJ Genom Med. 2019 Jul 23;4:17.
3 Integrative omics analysis of p53-dependent regulation of metabolism. FEBS Lett. 2018 Feb;592(3):380-393.

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