Details of Metabolite

General Information of MET (ID: META00154)
Name Glycerophosphocholine
Synonyms   Click to Show/Hide Synonyms of This Metabolite
(2R)-2,3-Dihydroxypropyl 2-(trimethylammonio)ethyl phosphate; (2R)-2,3-Dihydroxypropyl 2-(trimethylammonio)ethyl phosphoric acid; 2-[[(2,3-Dihydroxypropoxy)hydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-N,N,N-trimethyl-ethanaminium inner salt; 3-Phosphocholine, glycerol; Alfoscerate de choline; Alfoscerate, choline; Alfoscerato de colina; Alfosceric acid de choline; Alphoscerate, choline; Cereton; Cholicerin; Choline alfoscerate; Choline alfosceric acid; Choline alphoscerate; Choline alphosceric acid; Choline glycerophosphate; Choline glycerophosphoric acid; Cholini alfosceras; Cholini glycerophosphas; Cholitiline; Delecit; GPC; GPCho; Gliatilin; Glicerofosfato de colina; Glycerol 3 phosphocholine; Glycerol 3-phosphocholine; Glycerol 3-phosphorylcholine; Glycerol phosphorylcholine; Glycerol-3-phosphatidylcholine; Glycerol-3-phosphocholine; Glycerophosphate de choline; Glycerophosphate, choline; Glycerophosphatidylcholine; Glycerophosphocholine; Glycerophosphoric acid choline ester; Glycerophosphoric acid de choline; Glycerophosphorylcholine; Glyceryl 3-phosphorylcholine; Glycerylphosphocholine; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Hydrogen glycerophosphate choline; L alpha Glycerylphosphorylcholine; L-Choline hydroxide 2,3-dihydroxypropyl hydrogen phosphate inner salt; L-Choline hydroxide 2,3-dihydroxypropyl hydrogen phosphoric acid inner salt; L-alpha-Glycerophosphocholine; L-alpha-Glycerophosphorylcholine; L-alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine; O-(sn-Glycero-3-phosphoryl)-choline; a-Glycerylphosphorylcholine; alpha-Glycerophosphorylcholine; alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine; sn-3-GPC; sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine; sn-Glycerol 3-phosphocholine
Source Endogenous;Escherichia Coli Metabolite;Yeast Metabolite;Food
Structure Type   Glycerophosphocholines  (Click to Show/Hide the Complete Structure Type Hierarchy)
Lipids and lipid-like molecules
Glycerophospholipids
Glycerophosphocholines
PubChem CID
657272
HMDB ID
HMDB0000086
Formula
C8H20NO6P
Structure
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3D MOL 2D MOL
  Click to Show/Hide the Molecular/Functional Data (External Links/Property/Function) of This Metabolite
KEGG ID
C00670
DrugBank ID
DB04660
ChEBI ID
16870
FooDB ID
FDB030952
ChemSpider ID
571409
METLIN ID
370
Physicochemical Properties Molecular Weight 257.22 Topological Polar Surface Area 99
XlogP -2.3 Complexity 233
Heavy Atom Count 16 Rotatable Bond Count 8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 2 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 6
Function
Glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC) is a choline derivative and one of the two major forms of choline storage (along with phosphocholine) in the cytosol. Glycerophosphorylcholine is also one of the four major organic osmolytes in renal medullary cells, changing their intracellular osmolyte concentration in parallel with extracellular tonicity during cellular osmoadaptation. As an osmolyte, Glycerophosphorylcholine counteracts the effects of urea on enzymes and other macromolecules. Kidneys (especially medullar cells), which are exposed under normal physiological conditions to widely fluctuating extracellular solute concentrations, respond to hypertonic stress by accumulating the organic osmolytes glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC), betaine, myo-inositol, sorbitol and free amino acids. Increased intracellular contents of these osmolytes are achieved by a combination of increased uptake (myo-inositol and betaine) and synthesis (sorbitol, GPC), decreased degradation (GPC) and reduced osmolyte release. GPC is formed in the breakdown of phosphatidylcholine (PtC). This pathway is active in many body tissues, including mammary tissue.
Regulatory Network
Full List of Protein(s) Regulating This Metabolite
      Hydrolases (EC 3)
            Leukotriene-C4 hydrolase (GGT1) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [1]
                      Introduced Variation Knockdown (siRNA) of GGT1
                      Induced Change Glycerophosphocholine concentration: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90]
                      Details It is reported that knockdown of GGT1 leads to the increase of glycerophosphocholine levels compared with control group.
      Pore-forming PNC peptide (PNC)
            Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [2]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of TP53
                      Induced Change Glycerophosphocholine concentration: increase (Log2 FC=1.47)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Colon cancer [ICD-11: 2B90]
                      Details It is reported that knockout of TP53 leads to the increase of glycerophosphocholine levels compared with control group.
      Transcription factor (TF)
            Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [3]
                      Introduced Variation Overexpression of Foxo1
                      Induced Change Glycerophosphocholine concentration: decrease (FC = 0.70)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Healthy individual
                      Details It is reported that overexpression of Foxo1 leads to the decrease of glycerophosphocholine levels compared with control group.
      Transferases (EC 2)
            SNF-related serine/threonine-protein kinase (SNRK) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [4]
                      Introduced Variation Knockdown (shRNA) of SNRK
                      Induced Change Glycerophosphocholine concentration: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Healthy individual
                      Details It is reported that knockdown of SNRK leads to the increase of glycerophosphocholine levels compared with control group.
References
1 Impairment of gamma-glutamyl transferase 1 activity in the metabolic pathogenesis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Jul 3;115(27):E6274-E6282.
2 Integrative omics analysis of p53-dependent regulation of metabolism. FEBS Lett. 2018 Feb;592(3):380-393.
3 Metabolomic analysis of C2C12 myoblasts induced by the transcription factor FOXO1. FEBS Lett. 2019 Jun;593(12):1303-1312.
4 Sucrose Nonfermenting-Related Kinase Enzyme-Mediated Rho-Associated Kinase Signaling is Responsible for Cardiac Function. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2016 Dec;9(6):474-486.

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