Details of Metabolite

General Information of MET (ID: META00140)
Name	Cellobiose
Synonyms	Click to Show/Hide Synonyms of This Metabolite 1-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-4-beta-D-glucopyranose; 4 O beta D Glucopyranosyl D glucopyranose; 4-(b-D-Glucosido)-D-glucose; 4-(b-delta-Glucosido)-delta-glucose; 4-(beta-D-Glucosido)-D-glucose; 4-(beta-delta-Glucosido)-delta-glucose; 4-O-b-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-glucose; 4-O-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose; 4-O-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-glucose; 4-O-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranose; 4-O-beta-delta-Glucopyranosyl-delta-glucose; 4-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose; 4-beta-delta-Glucopyranosyl-delta-glucopyranose; CELLOBIOSE; Cellose; D-(+)-Cellobiose; D-Cellobiose; D-Glucosyl-b-(1->4)-D-glucose; D-Glucosyl-beta-(1-4)-D-glucose; D-Glucosyl-beta-(1->4)-D-glucose; GLCB1-4GLCB; Glcbeta1-4glcbeta; beta-D-GLC-(1->4)-beta-D-GLC; beta-D-GLCP-(1->4)-beta-D-GLCP; beta-D-Glucosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucose; delta-(+)-Cellobiose; delta-Cellobiose; delta-Glucosyl-beta-(1-4)-delta-glucose; delta-Glucosyl-beta-(1->4)-delta-glucose
Source	Food;Escherichia Coli Metabolite;Yeast Metabolite;Food;Microbial
Structure Type	Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates (Click to Show/Hide the Complete Structure Type Hierarchy) Organic oxygen compounds Organooxygen compounds Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
PubChem CID	10712
HMDB ID	HMDB0000055
Formula	C12H22O11
Structure	<iframe style="width: 300px; height: 300px;" frameborder="0" src="https://embed.molview.org/v1/?mode=balls&cid=10712"></iframe>
Structure	3D MOL		2D MOL
	*Click to Show/Hide the Molecular/Functional Data (External Links/Property/Function) of This Metabolite*
KEGG ID	C06422
ChEBI ID	36217
FooDB ID	FDB007497
ChemSpider ID	10261
METLIN ID	3480
Physicochemical Properties	Molecular Weight	342.3	Topological Polar Surface Area	190
	XlogP	-4.7	Complexity	382
	Heavy Atom Count	23	Rotatable Bond Count	4
	Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	8	Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	11
Function	Cellobiose is a disaccharide consisting of two glucose units in a beta (1-4) glycosidic linkage. Obtained from the partial hydrolysis of cellulose, cellobiose is commonly used as an indicator carbohydrate for intestinal permeability in Crohn's disease and malabsorption syndrome. This carbohydrate is exogenous and is a microbial breakdown product from plant material (cellulose). It is not produced by the body nor is it readily metabolized by the body, but may be found in some food products (vegetables, fruits, corn syrups, etc.). Recent studies have shown that cellobiose can be processed or metabolized by endogenous beta glycosidases in the mammalian small intestine. Cellobiose is also a microbe metabolite.
Regulatory Network
Regulatory Network

Full List of Protein(s) Regulating This Metabolite
Hydrolases (EC 3)
Leukotriene-C4 hydrolase (GGT1)		Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s): 1 Pair(s)
Detailed Information	Protein Info click to show the details of this protein
Regulating Pair	Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair		[1]
Introduced Variation	Knockdown (siRNA) of GGT1
Induced Change	Cellobiose concentration: increase
Summary	Introduced Variation Induced Change
Disease Status	Renal cell carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C90]
Details	It is reported that knockdown of GGT1 leads to the increase of cellobiose levels compared with control group.

References
1	Impairment of gamma-glutamyl transferase 1 activity in the metabolic pathogenesis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Jul 3;115(27):E6274-E6282.

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