Details of Metabolite

General Information of MET (ID: META00110)
Name Tyramine
Synonyms   Click to Show/Hide Synonyms of This Metabolite
2-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine; 4 Hydroxyphenethylamine; 4-(2-Aminoethyl)-phenol; 4-(2-Aminoethyl)-phenol(thyramin); 4-(2-Aminoethyl)phenol; 4-Hydroxy-benzeneethanamine; 4-Hydroxy-beta-phenylethylamine; 4-Hydroxyphenethylamine; 4-Hydroxyphenylethylamine; Systogene; Tenosin-wirkstoff; Tocosine; Tyramin; Tyramine base; Tyrosamine; Uteramine; a-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-b-aminoethane; alpha-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-beta-aminoethane; beta-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine; p-(2-Aminoethyl)-phenol; p-(2-Aminoethyl)phenol; p-Hydroxy-b-phenethylamine; p-Hydroxy-b-phenylethylamine; p-Hydroxy-beta-phenethylamine; p-Hydroxy-beta-phenylethylamine; p-Hydroxyphenethylamine; p-Hydroxyphenylethylamine; p-Tyramine; p-beta-Aminoethylphenol; para-Tyramine
Source Endogenous;Escherichia Coli Metabolite;Yeast Metabolite;Food;Drug;Toxins/Pollutant;Food additives;TCM Ingredients;Microbial
Structure Type   Phenethylamines  (Click to Show/Hide the Complete Structure Type Hierarchy)
Benzenoids
Benzene and substituted derivatives
Phenethylamines
PubChem CID
5610
HMDB ID
HMDB0000306
Formula
C8H11NO
Structure
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3D MOL 2D MOL
  Click to Show/Hide the Molecular/Functional Data (External Links/Property/Function) of This Metabolite
KEGG ID
C00483
DrugBank ID
DB08841
ChEBI ID
15760
FooDB ID
FDB000433
ChemSpider ID
5408
METLIN ID
60
Physicochemical Properties Molecular Weight 137.18 Topological Polar Surface Area 46.2
XlogP 1.1 Complexity 87.3
Heavy Atom Count 10 Rotatable Bond Count 2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 2 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 2
Function
Tyramine is a monoamine compound derived from the amino acid tyrosine. Tyramine is metabolized by the enzyme monoamine oxidase. In foods, it is often produced by the decarboxylation of tyrosine during fermentation or decay. Foods containing considerable amounts of tyramine include fish, chocolate, alcoholic beverages, cheese, soy sauce, sauerkraut, and processed meat. A large dietary intake of tyramine can cause an increase in systolic blood pressure of 30 mmHg or more. Tyramine acts as a neurotransmitter via a G protein-coupled receptor with high affinity for tyramine called TA1. The TA1 receptor is found in the brain as well as peripheral tissues including the kidney. An indirect sympathomimetic, Tyramine can also serve as a substrate for adrenergic uptake systems and monoamine oxidase so it prolongs the actions of adrenergic transmitters. It also provokes transmitter release from adrenergic terminals. Tyramine is a biomarker for the consumption of cheese
Regulatory Network
Full List of Protein(s) Regulated by This Metabolite
      GPCR rhodopsin (GPCR-1)
            Trace amine receptor 1 (TAAR1) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   2 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair (1) Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [1]
                      Introduced Variation Tyramine addition (0.33 hours)
                      Induced Change TAAR1 protein activity levels: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Healthy individual
                      Details It is reported that tyramine addition causes the increase of TAAR1 protein activity compared with control group.
               Regulating Pair (2) Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [2]
                      Introduced Variation Tyramine addition (0.5 hour)
                      Induced Change TAAR1 protein activity levels: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Healthy individual
                      Details It is reported that tyramine addition causes the increase of TAAR1 protein activity compared with control group.
Full List of Protein(s) Regulating This Metabolite
      Pore-forming PNC peptide (PNC)
            Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [3]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of TP53
                      Induced Change Tyramine concentration: decrease (Log2 FC=0.79)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Colon cancer [ICD-11: 2B90]
                      Details It is reported that knockout of TP53 leads to the decrease of tyramine levels compared with control group.
References
1 Pharmacologic characterization of the cloned human trace amine-associated receptor1 (TAAR1) and evidence for species differences with the rat TAAR1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 Jan;320(1):475-85.
2 Trace amine-associated receptor 1 displays species-dependent stereoselectivity for isomers of methamphetamine, amphetamine, and para-hydroxyamphetamine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 Apr;321(1):178-86.
3 Integrative omics analysis of p53-dependent regulation of metabolism. FEBS Lett. 2018 Feb;592(3):380-393.

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