Details of Protein

General Information of Protein (ID: PRT01214)
Name Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
Synonyms   Click to Show/Hide Synonyms of This Protein
Cachectin; TNF-alpha; ligand superfamily member 2; TNF-a; Tnf; Tnfa; Tnfsf2
Gene Name Tnf Gene ID
103694380
UniProt ID
P16599
Family Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)
  Click to Show/Hide the Molecular/Functional Data (Sequence/Structure/Function) of This Protein
Sequence
MSTESMIRDVELAEEALPKKMGGLQNSRRCLCLSLFSFLLVAGATTLFCLLNFGVIGPNK
EEKFPNGLPLISSMAQTLTLRSSSQNSSDKPVAHVVANHQAEEQLEWLSQRANALLANGM
DLKDNQLVVPADGLYLIYSQVLFKGQGCPDYVLLTHTVSRFAISYQEKVSLLSAIKSPCP
KDTPEGAELKPWYEPMYLGGVFQLEKGDLLSAEVNLPKYLDITESGQVYFGVIAL
Function Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Induces insulin resistance in adipocytes via inhibition of insulin-induced IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin-induced glucose uptake. Induces GKAP42 protein degradation in adipocytes which is partially responsible for TNF-induced insulin resistance. Plays a role in angiogenesis by inducing VEGF production synergistically with IL1B and IL6.; The TNF intracellular domain (ICD) form induces IL12 production in dendritic cells.
Regulatory Network
Full List of Metabolite(s) Regulating This Protein
      Organic acids and derivatives
            Glutamine Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Metabo  Info click to show the details of this metabolite
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [1]
                      Introduced Variation Glutamine addition (6 hours)
                      Induced Change TNF protein expression levels: decrease
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Sepsis [ICD-11: 1G40]
                      Details It is reported that glutamine addition causes the decrease of TNF protein expression compared with control group.
References
1 GLUTAMINE PREVENTS ACTIVATION OF NF-kappaB AND STRESS KINASE PATHWAYS, ATTENUATES INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE RELEASE, AND PREVENTS ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME (ARDS) FOLLOWING SEPSIS. Shock. 2005 Dec;24(6):583-9.

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