Details of Protein

General Information of Protein (ID: PRT00174)
Name eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 (EIF2AK4)
Synonyms   Click to Show/Hide Synonyms of This Protein
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 4; GCN2-like protein; EIF2AK4; GCN2; KIAA1338
Gene Name EIF2AK4 Gene ID
440275
UniProt ID
Q9P2K8
Family Transferases (EC 2)
EC Number   EC: 2.7.11.1  (Click to Show/Hide the Complete EC Tree)
Transferase
Kinase
Protein-serine/threonine kinases
EC: 2.7.11.1
  Click to Show/Hide the Molecular/Functional Data (Sequence/Structure/Function) of This Protein
Sequence
MAGGRGAPGRGRDEPPESYPQRQDHELQALEAIYGADFQDLRPDACGPVKEPPEINLVLY
PQGLTGEEVYVKVDLRVKCPPTYPDVVPEIELKNAKGLSNESVNLLKSRLEELAKKHCGE
VMIFELAYHVQSFLSEHNKPPPKSFHEEMLERRAQEEQQRLLEAKRKEEQEQREILHEIQ
RRKEEIKEEKKRKEMAKQERLEIASLSNQDHTSKKDPGGHRTAAILHGGSPDFVGNGKHR
ANSSGRSRRERQYSVCNSEDSPGSCEILYFNMGSPDQLMVHKGKCIGSDEQLGKLVYNAL
ETATGGFVLLYEWVLQWQKKMGPFLTSQEKEKIDKCKKQIQGTETEFNSLVKLSHPNVVR
YLAMNLKEQDDSIVVDILVEHISGVSLAAHLSHSGPIPVHQLRRYTAQLLSGLDYLHSNS
VVHKVLSASNVLVDAEGTVKITDYSISKRLADICKEDVFEQTRVRFSDNALPYKTGKKGD
VWRLGLLLLSLSQGQECGEYPVTIPSDLPADFQDFLKKCVCLDDKERWSPQQLLKHSFIN
PQPKMPLVEQSPEDSEGQDYVETVIPSNRLPSAAFFSETQRQFSRYFIEFEELQLLGKGA
FGAVIKVQNKLDGCCYAVKRIPINPASRQFRRIKGEVTLLSRLHHENIVRYYNAWIERHE
RPAGPGTPPPDSGPLAKDDRAARGQPASDTDGLDSVEAAAPPPILSSSVEWSTSGERSAS
ARFPATGPGSSDDEDDDEDEHGGVFSQSFLPASDSESDIIFDNEDENSKSQNQDEDCNEK
NGCHESEPSVTTEAVHYLYIQMEYCEKSTLRDTIDQGLYRDTVRLWRLFREILDGLAYIH
EKGMIHRDLKPVNIFLDSDDHVKIGDFGLATDHLAFSADSKQDDQTGDLIKSDPSGHLTG
MVGTALYVSPEVQGSTKSAYNQKVDLFSLGIIFFEMSYHPMVTASERIFVLNQLRDPTSP
KFPEDFDDGEHAKQKSVISWLLNHDPAKRPTATELLKSELLPPPQMEESELHEVLHHTLT
NVDGKAYRTMMAQIFSQRISPAIDYTYDSDILKGNFSIRTAKMQQHVCETIIRIFKRHGA
VQLCTPLLLPRNRQIYEHNEAALFMDHSGMLVMLPFDLRIPFARYVARNNILNLKRYCIE
RVFRPRKLDRFHPKELLECAFDIVTSTTNSFLPTAEIIYTIYEIIQEFPALQERNYSIYL
NHTMLLKAILLHCGIPEDKLSQVYIILYDAVTEKLTRREVEAKFCNLSLSSNSLCRLYKF
IEQKGDLQDLMPTINSLIKQKTGIAQLVKYGLKDLEEVVGLLKKLGIKLQVLINLGLVYK
VQQHNGIIFQFVAFIKRRQRAVPEILAAGGRYDLLIPQFRGPQALGPVPTAIGVSIAIDK
ISAAVLNMEESVTISSCDLLVVSVGQMSMSRAINLTQKLWTAGITAEIMYDWSQSQEELQ
EYCRHHEITYVALVSDKEGSHVKVKSFEKERQTEKRVLETELVDHVLQKLRTKVTDERNG
REASDNLAVQNLKGSFSNASGLFEIHGATVVPIVSVLAPEKLSASTRRRYETQVQTRLQT
SLANLHQKSSEIEILAVDLPKETILQFLSLEWDADEQAFNTTVKQLLSRLPKQRYLKLVC
DEIYNIKVEKKVSVLFLYSYRDDYYRILF
Structure
6N3L ; 6N3N ; 6N3O
Function Metabolic-stress sensing protein kinase that phosphorylates the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (EIF2S1/eIF-2-alpha) in response to low amino acid availability. Plays a role as an activator of the integrated stress response (ISR) required for adaptation to amino acid starvation. EIF2S1/eIF-2-alpha phosphorylation in response to stress converts EIF2S1/eIF-2-alpha in a global protein synthesis inhibitor, leading to a global attenuation of cap-dependent translation, and thus to a reduced overall utilization of amino acids, while concomitantly initiating the preferential translation of ISR-specific mRNAs, such as the transcriptional activator ATF4, and hence allowing ATF4-mediated reprogramming of amino acid biosynthetic gene expression to alleviate nutrient depletion. Binds uncharged tRNAs. Involved in cell cycle arrest by promoting cyclin D1 mRNA translation repression after the unfolded protein response pathway (UPR) activation or cell cycle inhibitor CDKN1A/p21 mRNA translation activation in response to amino acid deprivation. Plays a role in the consolidation of synaptic plasticity, learning as well as formation of long-term memory. Plays a role in neurite outgrowth inhibition. Plays a proapoptotic role in response to glucose deprivation. Promotes global cellular protein synthesis repression in response to UV irradiation independently of the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Plays a role in the antiviral response against alphavirus infection; impairs early viral mRNA translation of the incoming genomic virus RNA, thus preventing alphavirus replication.; (Microbial infection) Plays a role in modulating the adaptive immune response to yellow fever virus infection; promotes dendritic cells to initiate autophagy and antigene presentation to both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells under amino acid starvation.
Regulatory Network
Full List of Metabolite(s) Regulating This Protein
      Organic acids and derivatives
            Arginine Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Metabo  Info click to show the details of this metabolite
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [1]
                      Introduced Variation Arginine decrease (48 hours)
                      Induced Change EIF2AK4 protein abundance levels: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Brain cancer [ICD-11: 2A00]
                      Details It is reported that arginine decrease causes the increase of EIF2AK4 protein abundance compared with control group.
            Leucine Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Metabo  Info click to show the details of this metabolite
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [2]
                      Introduced Variation Leucine decrease (24 hours)
                      Induced Change EIF2AK4 protein phosphorylation levels: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Hepatocellular carcinoma [ICD-11: 2C12]
                      Details It is reported that leucine decrease causes the increase of EIF2AK4 protein phosphorylation compared with control group.
References
1 Combinatory Treatment of Canavanine and Arginine Deprivation Efficiently Targets Human Glioblastoma Cells via Pleiotropic Mechanisms. Cells. 2020 Sep 30;9(10):2217.
2 Leucine deprivation increases hepatic insulin sensitivity via GCN2/mTOR/S6K1 and AMPK pathways. Diabetes. 2011 Mar;60(3):746-56.

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