Details of Metabolite

General Information of MET (ID: META00638)
Name 9-Hexadecenoylcholine
Synonyms   Click to Show/Hide Synonyms of This Metabolite
9-Hexadecenoylcholine; Choline palmitoleate; Palmitoloelycholine
Source Aliphatic acyclic compounds
Structure Type   Quaternary ammonium salts  (Click to Show/Hide the Complete Structure Type Hierarchy)
Organic nitrogen compounds
Organonitrogen compounds
Quaternary ammonium salts
HMDB ID
HMDB0013208
Formula
C21H42NO2
Structure
2D MOL
FooDB ID
FDB029334
Function
9-Hexadecenoylcholine, also known as palmitoloelycholine, is a fatty acid-choline and is the ester product of 9-hexadecenoic acid and choline. The pharmacological effects of a series of fatty acid-choline esters have been studied on the isolated rabbit heart, the isolated guinea-pig ileum, and the rat stomach. The effect changed with increasing chain length, and three different types of response were observed. The short-chain compounds produced depression of the isolated rabbit heart and spasm of the isolated guinea-pig ileum. Only one, butyrylcholine, had an erratic stimulating effect on hydrochloric acid secretion by the partially vagotomized rat stomach. Medium-chain compounds had a stimulating effect on the isolated rabbit heart, a mixed spasmogenic and relaxant effect on the isolated guinea-pig ileum, and no effect on the rat stomach. Long-chain compounds blocked the effect of acetylcholine on the isolated rabbit heart and the isolated guinea-pig ileum; they also depressed spontaneous hydrochloric acid secretion by the rat stomach.
Regulatory Network
Full List of Protein(s) Regulating This Metabolite
      Transferases (EC 2)
            Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [1]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of NAT1
                      Induced Change 9-Hexadecenoylcholine concentration: increase (FC = 8.4)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Breast cancer [ICD-11: 2C60]
                      Details It is reported that knockout of NAT1 leads to the increase of 9-hexadecenoylcholine levels compared with control group.
References
1 CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells suggests a role in cellular metabolism. Sci Rep. 2020 Jun 17;10(1):9804.

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