Details of Metabolite

General Information of MET (ID: META00350)
Name Threonic acid
Synonyms   Click to Show/Hide Synonyms of This Metabolite
(2R,3S)-2,3,4-Trihydroxybutanoate; (2R,3S)-2,3,4-Trihydroxybutanoic acid; 2,3,4-Trihydroxy-(threo)-butanoic acid; 2,3,4-Trihydroxybutanoic acid; 2,3,4-Trihydroxybutyric acid; L-Threonate; L-Threonic acid; Threonate; Threonic acid; Threonic acid, (R-(r*,s*))-isomer; Threonic acid, (r*,r*)-isomer
Source Endogenous;Food
Structure Type   Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates  (Click to Show/Hide the Complete Structure Type Hierarchy)
Organic oxygen compounds
Organooxygen compounds
Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
PubChem CID
5460407
HMDB ID
HMDB0000943
Formula
C4H8O5
Structure
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3D MOL 2D MOL
  Click to Show/Hide the Molecular/Functional Data (External Links/Property/Function) of This Metabolite
KEGG ID
C01620
DrugBank ID
DB11192
ChEBI ID
15908
FooDB ID
FDB030975
ChemSpider ID
4573940
Physicochemical Properties Molecular Weight 136.1 Topological Polar Surface Area 98
XlogP -2.1 Complexity 101
Heavy Atom Count 9 Rotatable Bond Count 3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 4 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 5
Function
Threonic acid, also known as threonate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar acids and derivatives. Sugar acids and derivatives are compounds containing a saccharide unit which bears a carboxylic acid group. Threonic acid is a sugar acid derived from threose. The L-isomer is a metabolite of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). One study suggested that because L-threonate inhibits DKK1 expression in vitro, it may have potential in the treatment of androgenic alopecia. Threonic acid is probably derived from glycated proteins or from degradation of ascorbic acid. It is a normal component is aqueous humour and blood. Threonic acid is a substrate of L-threonate 3-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.129) in the ascorbate and aldarate metabolism pathway (KEGG). It has been found to be a microbial metabolite.
Regulatory Network
Full List of Protein(s) Regulating This Metabolite
      Transferases (EC 2)
            Deacetylase sirtuin-5 (SIRT5) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [1]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of Sirt5
                      Induced Change Threonic acid concentration: increase (FC = 1.29)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Healthy individual
                      Details It is reported that knockout of Sirt5 leads to the increase of threonic acid levels compared with control group.
References
1 Metabolomics Based Identification of SIRT5 and Protein Kinase C Epsilon Regulated Pathways in Brain. Front Neurosci. 2018 Jan 30;12:32.

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