Details of Metabolite

General Information of MET (ID: META00284)
Name Gluconic acid
Synonyms   Click to Show/Hide Synonyms of This Metabolite
(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanoate; (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanoic acid; 2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxy-hexanoate; 2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxy-hexanoic acid; 2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanoate; 2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanoic acid; Boron gluconate; D-Gluco-hexonate; D-Gluco-hexonic acid; D-Gluconate; D-Gluconic acid; D-Gluconsaeure; D-Glukonsaeure; Dextronate; Dextronic acid; GCO; Glosanto; Gluconate; Gluconic acid, (113)indium-labeled; Gluconic acid, (14)C-labeled; Gluconic acid, (159)dysprosium-labeled salt; Gluconic acid, (99)technecium (5+) salt; Gluconic acid, 1-(14)C-labeled; Gluconic acid, 6-(14)C-labeled; Gluconic acid, aluminum (3:1) salt; Gluconic acid, ammonium salt; Gluconic acid, calcium salt; Gluconic acid, cesium(+3) salt; Gluconic acid, cobalt (2:1) salt; Gluconic acid, copper salt; Gluconic acid, fe(+2) salt, dihydrate; Gluconic acid, lanthanum(+3) salt; Gluconic acid, magnesium (2:1) salt; Gluconic acid, manganese (2:1) salt; Gluconic acid, monolithium salt; Gluconic acid, monopotassium salt; Gluconic acid, monosodium salt; Gluconic acid, potassium salt; Gluconic acid, sodium salt; Gluconic acid, strontium (2:1) salt; Gluconic acid, tin(+2) salt; Gluconic acid, zinc salt; Glycogenate; Glycogenic acid; Glyconate; Glyconic acid; Hexonate; Hexonic acid; Lithium gluconate; Magnerot; Magnesium gluconate; Maltonate; Maltonic acid; Manganese gluconate; Pentahydroxycaproate; Pentahydroxycaproic acid; Sodium gluconate; Zinc gluconate
Source Endogenous;Escherichia Coli Metabolite;Yeast Metabolite;Food;Cosmetic;Food additives;Pharmaceutical additive; Microbial
Structure Type   Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates  (Click to Show/Hide the Complete Structure Type Hierarchy)
Organic oxygen compounds
Organooxygen compounds
Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
PubChem CID
10690
HMDB ID
HMDB0000625
Formula
C6H12O7
Structure
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3D MOL 2D MOL
  Click to Show/Hide the Molecular/Functional Data (External Links/Property/Function) of This Metabolite
KEGG ID
C00257
DrugBank ID
DB13180
ChEBI ID
33198
FooDB ID
FDB001980
ChemSpider ID
10240
METLIN ID
345
Physicochemical Properties Molecular Weight 196.16 Topological Polar Surface Area 138
XlogP -3.4 Complexity 170
Heavy Atom Count 13 Rotatable Bond Count 5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 6 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 7
Function
Gluconic acid occurs naturally in fruit, honey and wine and is used as a food additive, an acidity regulator. It is also used in cleaning products where it helps cleaning up mineral deposits. It is a strong chelating agent, especially in alkaline solution. It chelates the anions of calcium, iron, aluminium, copper, and other heavy metals. Glucono delta lactone is a cyclic ester of D-gluconic acid. Gluconic acid has been found to be a metabolite in Aspergillus (Hugo Vanden Bossche, D.W.R. Mackenzie and G. Cauwenbergh. Aspergillus and Aspergillosis, 1987).
Regulatory Network
Full List of Protein(s) Regulating This Metabolite
      Oxidoreductases (EC 1)
            Glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier (GCLM) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [1]
                      Introduced Variation Knockout of Gclm
                      Induced Change Gluconic acid concentration: increase (FC = 2.20)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Metabolic liver disease [ICD-11: 5C90]
                      Details It is reported that knockout of Gclm leads to the increase of gluconic acid levels compared with control group.
      Transcription factor (TF)
            Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [2]
                      Introduced Variation Overexpression of Foxo1
                      Induced Change Gluconic acid concentration: increase (FC = 2.00)
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Healthy individual
                      Details It is reported that overexpression of Foxo1 leads to the increase of gluconic acid levels compared with control group.
References
1 Hepatic metabolic adaptation in a murine model of glutathione deficiency. Chem Biol Interact. 2019 Apr 25;303:1-6.
2 Metabolomic analysis of C2C12 myoblasts induced by the transcription factor FOXO1. FEBS Lett. 2019 Jun;593(12):1303-1312.

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