Details of Metabolite

General Information of MET (ID: META00177)
Name Formic acid
Synonyms   Click to Show/Hide Synonyms of This Metabolite
Acide formique; Add-F; Aluminum formate; Ameisensaeure; Ameisensaure; Aminate; Aminic acid; Ammonium formate; Ammonium tetraformate; Bilorin; Calcium formate; Chromic formate; Cobalt(II) formate dihydrate; Cobaltous formate; Cupric formate; Formate; Formic acid, 14C-labeled; Formic acid, aluminum salt; Formic acid, ammonium (2:1) salt; Formic acid, ammonium (4:1) salt; Formic acid, ammonium salt; Formic acid, cadmium salt; Formic acid, calcium salt; Formic acid, cesium salt; Formic acid, cobalt (+2) salt; Formic acid, copper (+2) salt; Formic acid, copper salt; Formic acid, copper, ammonium salt; Formic acid, copper, nickel salt; Formic acid, cromium (+3) salt; Formic acid, cromium (+3), sodium (4:1:1) salt; Formic acid, lead (+2) salt; Formic acid, lead salt; Formic acid, lithium salt; Formic acid, magnesium salt; Formic acid, nickel (+2) salt; Formic acid, nickel salt; Formic acid, potassium salt; Formic acid, rubidium salt; Formic acid, sodium salt; Formic acid, sodium salt, 13C-labeled; Formic acid, sodium salt, 14C-labeled; Formic acid, strontium salt; Formic acid, thallium (+1) salt; Formic acid, zinc salt; Formira; Formisoton; Formylate; Formylic acid; H-COOH; HCO2H; HCOOH; Hydrogen carboxylate; Hydrogen carboxylic acid; Lead formate; Lithium formate; Mafusol; Magnesium formate; Methanoate; Methanoic acid; Methanoic acid monomer; Methoate; Methoic acid; Myrmicyl; Nickel formate; Nickel formate dihydrate; Potassium formate; Sodium formate; Strontium formate; Sybest; Wonderbond hardener m 600l; Zinc formate; collo-Bueglatt; collo-Didax
Source Endogenous;Drug Metabolite;Escherichia Coli Metabolite;Yeast Metabolite;Food;Drug;Agricultural Chemicals;Cosmetic;Food additives;TCM Ingredients;Microbial
Structure Type   Carboxylic acids  (Click to Show/Hide the Complete Structure Type Hierarchy)
Organic acids and derivatives
Carboxylic acids and derivatives
Carboxylic acids
PubChem CID
284
HMDB ID
HMDB0000142
Formula
CH2O2
Structure
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3D MOL 2D MOL
  Click to Show/Hide the Molecular/Functional Data (External Links/Property/Function) of This Metabolite
KEGG ID
C00058
DrugBank ID
DB01942
ChEBI ID
30751
FooDB ID
FDB012804
Physicochemical Properties Molecular Weight 46.025 Topological Polar Surface Area 37.3
XlogP -0.2 Complexity 10.3
Heavy Atom Count 3 Rotatable Bond Count N.A.
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 1 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 2
Function
Formic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid. Formate is an intermediate in normal metabolism. It takes part in the metabolism of one-carbon compounds and its carbon may appear in methyl groups undergoing transmethylation. It is eventually oxidized to carbon dioxide. Formate is typically produced as a byproduct in the production of acetate. It is responsible for both metabolic acidosis and disrupting mitochondrial electron transport and energy production by inhibiting cytochrome oxidase activity, the terminal electron acceptor of the electron transport chain. Cell death from cytochrome oxidase inhibition by formate is believed to result partly from depletion of ATP, reducing energy concentrations so that essential cell functions cannot be maintained. Furthermore, inhibition of cytochrome oxidase by formate may also cause cell death by increased production of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) secondary to the blockade of the electron transport chain. In nature, formic acid is found in the stings and bites of many insects of the order Hymenoptera, including bees and ants. The principal use of formic acid is as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. When sprayed on fresh hay or other silage, it arrests certain decay processes and causes the feed to retain its nutritive value longer. Urinary formate is produced by Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter, Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter frundii, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus group B, Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
Regulatory Network
Full List of Protein(s) Regulating This Metabolite
      Zinc finger protein (ZIN)
            Protein snail homolog 1 (SNAI1) Click to Show/Hide the Full List of Regulating Pair(s):   1 Pair(s)
               Detailed Information Protein   Info click to show the details of this protein
               Regulating Pair Experim Info click to show the details of experiment for validating this pair [1]
                      Introduced Variation Knockdown (shRNA) of SNAI1
                      Induced Change Formic acid concentration: increase
                      Summary Introduced Variation         Induced Change 
                      Disease Status Breast cancer [ICD-11: 2C60]
                      Details It is reported that knockdown of Snai1 leads to the increase of formic acid levels compared with control group.
References
1 Snail reprograms glucose metabolism by repressing phosphofructokinase PFKP allowing cancer cell survival under metabolic stress. Nat Commun. 2017 Feb 8;8:14374.

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